Index of Word Meanings
catechism /ˈkatɪkɪz(ə)m/ noun a summary of the principles of Christian religion in the form of questions and answers, used for religious instruction. (in Roman Catholic use) religious instruction in general. a series of fixed questions, answers, or precepts used for instruction. "the preventive health catechism ‘more exercise, less tobacco and alcohol, and better diet’" ... behove /bɪˈhəʊv/ verb FORMAL 3rd person present: behooves it is a duty or responsibility for someone to do something. "it behoves the House to assure itself that there is no conceivable alternative" Similar: be incumbent on be obligatory for be required of be appropriate for be expected of be advisable for be sensible for be wise for befit become suit be fitting to be suitable for be seemly for be proper for be decorous for it is appropriate or suitable; it befits. "it ill behoves Opposition Members to decry the sale of arms to friendly countries" ... humanistic /ˌhjuːməˈnɪstɪk/ adjective: humanistic relating to or supporting the principles of humanism. "humanistic values" relating to or characteristic of the Renaissance humanists. ... humanism /ˈhjuːmənɪz(ə)m/ noun: humanism a rationalist outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters. a Renaissance cultural movement which turned away from medieval scholasticism and revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought. noun: Humanism (among some contemporary writers) a system of thought criticized as being centred on the notion of the rational, autonomous self and ignoring the conditioned nature of the individual. ... disparate /ˈdɪsp(ə)rət/ adjective essentially different in kind; not able to be compared. "they inhabit disparate worlds of thought" Similar: contrasting different differing dissimilar unlike unalike poles apart varying various diverse diversified heterogeneous unrelated unconnected distinct separate divergent divers myriad contrastive Opposite: homogeneous noun ARCHAIC things so unlike that there is no basis for comparison. --- mores /ˈmɔːreɪz,ˈmɔːriːz/ noun the essential or characteristic customs and conventions of a society or community. "an offence against social mores" Similar: customs conventions ways way of life way of doing things traditions practices custom and practice procedures habits usages praxis --- thimble /ˈθɪmb(ə)l/ Learn to pronounce noun 1. a small metal or plastic cap with a closed end, worn to protect the finger and push the needle in sewing. 2. a short metal tube or ferrule. --- greenhorn /ˈɡriːnhɔːn/ Learn to pronounce noun INFORMAL • NORTH AMERICAN noun: greenhorn; plural noun: greenhorns a person who is new to or inexperienced at a particular activity. "I'm not a seasoned veteran, but I'm no greenhorn either" Similar: novice beginner starter tyro neophyte new recruit raw recruit fledgling new boy/girl novitiate trainee learner student pupil mentee probationer tenderfoot rookie new kid (on the block) newie newbie punk Opposite: veteran --- evangelize /ɪˈvan(d)ʒ(ə)lʌɪz/ verb verb: evangelise convert or seek to convert (someone) to Christianity. "some small groups have been evangelized by Protestant missionaries" Similar: convert proselytize bring to God/Christ/Jesus bring into the fold redeem save make someone see the light preach (to) seek/make converts (among) act as a missionary crusade campaign win over recruit proselyte preach the gospel. "the Church has a mission to evangelize and declare the faith" Origin late Middle English: from ecclesiastical Latin evangelizare, from Greek euangelizesthai, from euangelos (see evangel). --- bluffly: A bluff is an attempt to make someone believe that you will do something when you do not really intend to do it. The letter was a bluff. ... A bluff is a steep cliff or bank, especially by a river or the sea. --- gut-wrenching /ˈɡʌt ˌrɛntʃɪŋ/ adjectiveINFORMAL extremely unpleasant or upsetting. "the film is a gut-wrenching portrait of domestic violence" --- wrench /rɛn(t)ʃ/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: wrench; plural noun: wrenches 1. a sudden violent twist or pull. "with a wrench Tony wriggled free" Similar: tug pull jerk jolt wrest heave twist yank 2. a feeling of sadness or distress caused by one's own or another's departure. "it will be a real wrench to leave after eight years" Similar: painful parting distressing separation traumatic event pain ache pang trauma 3. an adjustable tool like a spanner, used for gripping and turning nuts or bolts. "you will need a wrench to tighten it in position" Similar: spanner adjustable spanner monkey wrench 4. MECHANICS a combination of a couple with a force along its axis. verb verb: wrench; 3rd person present: wrenches; past tense: wrenched; past participle: wrenched; gerund or present participle: wrenching 1. pull or twist suddenly and violently. "Casey grabbed the gun and wrenched it from my hand" Similar: tug pull jerk wrest heave twist tear rip pluck grab seize snatch force take by force remove by force prise peel pry yank injure (a part of the body) as a result of a sudden twisting movement. "she slipped and wrenched her ankle" Similar: sprain twist turn strain rick crick pull dislocate put out of joint damage injure hurt ARCHAIC distort to fit a particular theory or interpretation. "to wrench our Bible to make it fit a misconception of facts" 2. turn (something, especially a nut or bolt) with a wrench. Phrases a wrench in (the works) — a person or thing that prevents the successful implementation of a plan. "he has thrown a wrench in the works by saying he would prefer direct elections to happen" Origin --- allude /əˈl(j)uːd/ Learn to pronounce verb gerund or present participle: alluding suggest or call attention to indirectly; hint at. "she had a way of alluding to Jean but never saying her name" Similar: refer to suggest hint at imply mention touch on mention in passing mention en passant speak briefly of make an allusion to cite advert to mention without discussing at length. "we will allude briefly to the main points" (of an artist or a work of art) recall (an earlier work or style) in such a way as to suggest a relationship with it. "the photographs allude to Italian Baroque painting" Origin --- balk /bɔːlk,bɔːk/ verb past tense: balked; past participle: balked hesitate or be unwilling to accept an idea or undertaking. "he balked at such a drastic solution" Similar: eschew resist refuse to be unwilling to draw the line at be reluctant to draw back from flinch from shrink from shy from recoil from quail at demur from hesitate over scruple to take exception to not like to hate to jib at scorn disdain Opposite: accept thwart or hinder (a plan or person). "he raised every objection he could to balk this plan" Similar: impede obstruct thwart hinder prevent check stop curb halt bar block forestall frustrate stall baffle foil defeat beat counteract head off Opposite: assist prevent a person or animal from having (something). "a tiger balked of its prey" ARCHAIC miss or refuse (a chance or invitation). "it's got to be done, so why balk it?" (with reference to a horse) refuse or cause to refuse to go on. "he balked, both forefeet thrust stiffly in front of him" --- conciliatory /kənˈsɪlɪətəri/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: conciliatory intended or likely to placate or pacify. "a conciliatory approach" Similar: propitiatory placatory appeasing pacifying pacific mollifying peacemaking reconciliatory pacificatory propitiative placative irenic Opposite: antagonistic Translate conciliatory to --- darned /dɑːnd/ adjective INFORMAL • NORTH AMERICAN adjective: darned; adjective: durned euphemism for damned. "you have to work a darned sight harder" darn1 /dɑːn/ verb past tense: darned; past participle: darned mend (a hole in knitted material) by interweaving yarn with a needle. "I don't expect you to darn my socks" Similar: mend repair reinforce sew up stitch cobble botch patch vamp clout embroider (material) with a large running stitch. darn2 /dɑːn/ verb · adjective · exclamation INFORMAL•NORTH AMERICAN past tense: darned; past participle: darned euphemism for damn. "darn it all, Poppa" --- delightful /dɪˈlʌɪtfʊl,dɪˈlʌɪtf(ə)l/ adjective causing delight; charming. "a delightful secluded garden" Similar: very pleasant lovely greatly to one's liking very agreeable --- flesh and blood /flɛʃ (ə)n(d) ˈblʌd/ noun used to emphasize that a person is a physical, living being with human emotions or frailties, often in contrast to something abstract, spiritual, or mechanical. "the customer is flesh and blood, not just a sales statistic" Phrases one's flesh and blood — a near relative or one's close family. "he felt as much for that girl as if she had been his own flesh and blood" --- stipulate1 /ˈstɪpjʊleɪt/ verb past tense: stipulated; past participle: stipulated demand or specify (a requirement), typically as part of an agreement. "he stipulated certain conditions before their marriage" Similar: specify set down set out lay down set forth state clearly demand require insist on make a condition of make a precondition/proviso of prescribe impose provide Origin early 17th century: from Latin stipulat- ‘demanded as a formal promise’, from the verb stipulari . --- recoup /rɪˈkuːp/ Learn to pronounce verb regain (something lost or expended). "rains have helped recoup water levels" Similar: get back regain recover win back retrieve repossess redeem make good recuperate regain (money spent) through subsequent profits. "oil companies are keen to recoup their investment" reimburse or compensate (someone) for money spent or lost. "the company turned to the real estate industry to recoup them" --- outlay /ˈaʊtleɪ/ Learn to pronounce noun plural noun: outlays an amount of money spent on something. "a modest outlay on local advertising" Similar: expenditure expenses spending outgoings money spent cost --- Blanket appropriations allow people with access to a budget to use funds on a blanket basis without having to specify the specific projects towards which the funds are being applied. Blanket appropriations are also used in the private sector for smaller projects with lower capital outlays. --- minuet /mɪnjʊˈɛt/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: minuet; plural noun: minuets a slow, stately ballroom dance for two in triple time, popular especially in the 18th century. a piece of music in triple time in the style of a minuet, typically as a movement in a suite, sonata, or symphony and frequently coupled with a trio. verb verb: minuet; 3rd person present: minuets; past tense: minueted; past participle: minueted; gerund or present participle: minueting dance a minuet. --- drag one's feet phrase of drag walk slowly and wearily or with difficulty. "they dragged their feet through the orchard towards the house" be deliberately slow or reluctant to act. "the government has dragged its heels over permanent legislation" Similar: delay put off doing something postpone action defer action --- discretion /dɪˈskrɛʃ(ə)n/ Learn to pronounce noun 1. the quality of behaving or speaking in such a way as to avoid causing offence or revealing confidential information. "she knew she could rely on his discretion" Similar: circumspection care carefulness caution wariness chariness guardedness tact tactfulness diplomacy delicacy sensitivity subtlety consideration prudence judiciousness judgement discrimination sense good sense common sense kid gloves Opposite: indiscretion rashness 2. the freedom to decide what should be done in a particular situation. "local authorities should use their discretion in setting the charges" Similar: choice option judgement preference disposition volition pleasure liking wish will inclination --- chalk something up phrasal verb of chalk 1. achieve something noteworthy. "he has chalked up a box office success" Similar: achieve attain accomplish gain earn win succeed in making reach make get obtain score tally record register enter mark log clock up knock up notch up turn in rack up bag 2. ascribe something to a particular cause. "I chalked my sleeplessness up to nerves" Similar: attribute assign ascribe put down set down accredit --- stewing /ˈstjuːɪŋ/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: stewing (of meat or other food) suitable for stewing. "a pound of stewing steak" stew (1) /stjuː/ verb gerund or present participle: stewing 1. (with reference to meat, fruit, or other food) cook or be cooked slowly in liquid in a closed dish or pan. "beef stewed in wine" Similar: braise casserole fricassee simmer boil jug smoor seethe BRITISH: (of tea) become strong and bitter with prolonged brewing. LITERARY: be steeped in or imbued with. "politics there are stewed in sexual prejudice and privilege" 2. INFORMAL remain in a heated or stifling atmosphere. "sweaty clothes left to stew in a plastic bag" Similar: swelter be very hot perspire sweat roast bake be boiling worry about something, especially on one's own. "James will be expecting us, so we will let him stew a bit" Similar: worry fret agonize be anxious be nervous be agitated get in a panic get worked up get in a fluster get overwrought get in a flap get in a state get in a tizz/tizzy get in a tiz-woz get in a sweat get steamed up get in a lather --- attrition /əˈtrɪʃ(ə)n/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: attrition 1. the process of reducing something's strength or effectiveness through sustained attack or pressure. "the council is trying to wear down the opposition by attrition" Similar: wearing down wearing away weakening debilitation enfeebling sapping attenuation harassment harrying NORTH AMERICAN•AUSTRALIAN/NZ the gradual reduction of a workforce by employees leaving and not being replaced rather than by redundancy. "the company said that it will reduce its worldwide employment by about 10% through attrition" wearing away by friction; abrasion. "the skull shows attrition of the edges of the teeth" Similar: abrasion friction rubbing chafing corroding corrosion erosion eating away grinding scraping wearing away wearing excoriation deterioration damaging detrition 2. (in scholastic theology) sorrow for sin, falling short of contrition. Origin --- paddy wagon nounINFORMAL•NORTH AMERICAN noun: paddy wagon; plural noun: paddy wagons; noun: paddy waggon; plural noun: paddy waggons a police van. Origin 1930s: paddy from Paddy, perhaps because formerly many American police officers were of Irish descent. --- skirmish /ˈskəːmɪʃ/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: skirmish; plural noun: skirmishes an episode of irregular or unpremeditated fighting, especially between small or outlying parts of armies or fleets. "the unit was caught in several skirmishes and the commanding officer was killed" Similar: fight battle clash conflict encounter confrontation engagement fray contest combat tussle scrimmage fracas affray melee rencounter a short argument. "there was a skirmish over the budget" Similar: argument quarrel squabble contretemps disagreement difference of opinion dissension falling-out dispute disputation contention clash altercation exchange war of words donnybrook tiff set-to run-in spat dust-up row barney ding-dong bust-up bit of argy-bargy ruck afters rammy broil miff threap collieshangie verb verb: skirmish; 3rd person present: skirmishes; past tense: skirmished; past participle: skirmished; gerund or present participle: skirmishing engage in a skirmish. "reports of skirmishing along the border" Similar: fight do battle with battle with engage with close with combat clash with come to blows with exchange blows with struggle with tussle with scrap with Origin --- deadbeat /ˈdɛdbiːt/ Learn to pronounce nounINFORMAL noun: deadbeat; plural noun: deadbeats; noun: dead-beat; plural noun: dead-beats an idle, feckless, or disreputable person. "a nation of deadbeats who must work harder" Similar: layabout loafer lounger idler waster wastrel good-for-nothing cadger parasite useless article bum scrounger sponger sponge freeloader skiver NORTH AMERICAN a person who tries to evade paying their debts. "threatening a deadbeat to get him to pay up" adjective adjective: dead beat; adjective: deadbeat; adjective: dead-beat 1. INFORMAL completely exhausted. "I must go to bed—I'm dead beat" 2. (of a clock escapement or other mechanism) without recoil. --- apportion /əˈpɔːʃ(ə)n/ Learn to pronounce verb gerund or present participle: apportioning divide up and share out. "voting power will be apportioned according to contribution" Similar: share out divide out allocate distribute allot assign dispense give out hand out mete out deal out dole out ration parcel out measure out split carve up slice up divvy up dish out assign. "they did not apportion blame or liability to any one individual" --- slack1 /slak/Submit adjective adjective: slack; comparative adjective: slacker; superlative adjective: slackest 1. not taut or held tightly in position; loose. "a slack rope" synonyms: loose, limp, not taut, not tight, hanging, flapping; More antonyms: tight, taut, stretched, toned, firm, tailored 2. having or showing laziness or negligence. "slack accounting procedures" synonyms: lax, negligent, neglectful, remiss, careless, slapdash, slipshod, lackadaisical, lazy, inefficient, incompetent, inattentive, offhand, casual, disorderly, disorganized; More antonyms: meticulous, diligent 3. slow or sluggish. "they were working at a slack pace" synonyms: sluggish, slow, quiet, slow-moving, not busy, inactive, flat, depressed, stagnant "business had never been so slack" antonyms: busy, thriving (of business or trade) characterized by a lack of work or activity; quiet. "business was rather slack" 4. WEST INDIAN lewd. "the veteran king of slack chat" (typically of a woman) promiscuous. 5. (of a tide) neither ebbing nor flowing. "soon the water will become slack, and the tide will turn" noun noun: slack; plural noun: slacks 1. the part of a rope or line which is not held taut; the loose or unused part. "I picked up the rod and wound in the slack" synonyms: looseness, play, give "the rope had just enough slack in it to allow her to reach him" 2. casual trousers. "he put on a grey shirt and loose cotton slacks" 3. INFORMAL a spell of inactivity or laziness. "he slept deeply, refreshed by a little slack in the daily routine" synonyms: lull, pause, respite, spell of inactivity, interval, break, hiatus, breathing space; More verb verb: slack; 3rd person present: slacks; past tense: slacked; past participle: slacked; gerund or present participle: slacking 1. loosen (something, especially a rope). "slacking the outhaul allows you to adjust the sail" 2. decrease or reduce in intensity, quantity, or speed. "the flow of blood slacked off" synonyms: reduce, lessen, slacken, slow, ease up/off More antonyms: increase, intensify, work harder, speed up, accelerate 3. INFORMAL•BRITISH work slowly or lazily. "she ticked off her girls if they were slacking" synonyms: idle, shirk, be inactive, be lazy, be indolent, sit back and do nothing, waste time, lounge about; More antonyms: work hard 4. slake (lime). "150 sacks of lime were slacked by the inrushing water" Phrases cut someone some slack allow someone some leeway in their conduct. "the press is willing to cut the President some slack because they like him" take up the slack improve the use of resources to avoid an undesirable lull in business. "as domestic demand starts to flag, foreign demand will help pick up the slack" Origin Old English slæc ‘inclined to be lazy, unhurried’, of Germanic origin; related to Latin laxus ‘loose’. slack2 /slak/Submit noun noun: slack coal dust or small pieces of coal. "the fire was stoked with a mixture of slack and cement" Origin --- waver /ˈweɪvə/Submit verb past tense: wavered; past participle: wavered 1. move in a quivering way; flicker. "the flame wavered in the draught" synonyms: flicker, quiver, tremble, twinkle, glimmer, wink, blink "the candlelight in the room wavered in a warm draught" 2. become weaker; falter. "his love for her had never wavered" synonyms: become unsteady, falter, wobble, tremble, hesitate "his voice wavered with a hint of uncertainty" be undecided between two opinions or courses of action. "she never wavered from her intention" synonyms: be undecided, be irresolute, be indecisive, hesitate, dither, equivocate, vacillate, fluctuate, see-saw, yo-yo; More Origin - oppressive /əˈprɛsɪv/Submit adjective adjective: oppressive 1. inflicting harsh and authoritarian treatment. "an oppressive dictatorship" synonyms: harsh, cruel, brutal, repressive, crushing, tyrannical, tyrannous, iron-fisted, domineering, autocratic, dictatorial, undemocratic, anti-democratic, despotic, draconian, punitive; More antonyms: lenient, humane weighing heavily on the mind or spirits. "the offices present an oppressive atmosphere" synonyms: overwhelming, overpowering, hard to bear, unbearable, burdensome, unendurable, intolerable, heavy; More 2. (of weather) close and sultry. "the day was sunless and oppressive" synonyms: muggy, close, heavy, hot, humid, sticky, steamy, soupy, fuggy, airless, stuffy, stifling, suffocating, sultry, torrid "the day was grey and oppressive" antonyms: fresh, airy Origin ---- Cheshire /ˈtʃɛʃə/Submit noun noun: Cheshire a kind of firm crumbly cheese, originally made in Cheshire. --- bourgeois /ˈbʊəʒwɑː/Submit adjective 1. belonging to or characteristic of the middle class, typically with reference to its perceived materialistic values or conventional attitudes. "a rich, bored, bourgeois family" synonyms: middle-class, property-owning, propertied, shopkeeping; More noun 1. a bourgeois person. "a self-confessed and proud bourgeois" synonyms: member of the middle class, property owner "Liebermann was a self-professed and proud bourgeois" -- A boudoir (/ˈbuːdwɑːr/; French: [bu.dwaʁ]) is a woman's private sitting room or salon in a furnished accommodation, usually between the dining room and the bedroom, but can also refer to a woman's private bedroom. --- hoary definition: 1. very old and familiar and therefore not interesting or funny: 2. (of a person) very old and with white or grey hair. -- slump /slʌmp/Submit verb past tense: slumped; past participle: slumped 1. sit, lean, or fall heavily and limply. "she slumped against the cushions" synonyms: sit heavily, flop, flump, collapse, sink, fall, subside; More 2. undergo a sudden severe or prolonged fall in price, value, or amount. "land prices slumped" synonyms: fall steeply, plummet, plunge, tumble, drop, go down, slide, decline, decrease; More ---- dashiki /ˈdɑːʃɪki/Submit noun noun: dashiki; plural noun: dashikis a loose brightly coloured shirt or tunic, originally from West Africa. -- dandelion /ˈdandɪlʌɪən/Submit noun plural noun: dandelions a widely distributed weed of the daisy family, with a rosette of leaves and large bright yellow flowers followed by globular heads of seeds with downy tufts. ---- root1 /ruːt/Submit verb gerund or present participle: rooting 1. cause (a plant or cutting) to grow roots. "root your own cuttings from stock plants" synonyms: plant, bed out, sow "June is a good month to begin rooting cuttings" (of a plant or cutting) establish roots. "large trees had rooted in the canal bank" synonyms: take root, grow roots, become established, establish, strike, take "give the shoot a gentle tug to see if it has rooted" 2. establish deeply and firmly. "vegetarianism is rooted in Indian culture" synonyms: embedded, fixed, firmly established, implanted; More have as an origin or cause. "the Latin verb is rooted in an Indo-European word" 3. cause (someone) to stand immobile through fear or amazement. "she found herself rooted to the spot in disbelief" synonyms: unable to move from, frozen to, riveted to, paralysed to, glued to, fixed to; More 4. COMPUTING gain access to the root account of (a smartphone or computer). "we explained how to manually root almost any Android device" 5. VULGAR SLANG•AUSTRALIAN/NZ have sexual intercourse with. exhaust (someone) or frustrate their efforts. "grab a pew—you must be rooted" Origin late Old English rōt, from Old Norse rót ; related to Latin radix, also to wort. root2 /ruːt/Submit verb gerund or present participle: rooting (of an animal) turn up the ground with its snout in search of food. "stray dogs rooting around for bones and scraps" search unsystematically through an untidy mass or area; rummage. "she was rooting through a pile of papers" find or extract something by rummaging. "he managed to root out the cleaning kit" - sputter /ˈspʌtə/Submit verb verb: sputter; 3rd person present: sputters; past tense: sputtered; past participle: sputtered; gerund or present participle: sputtering 1. make a series of soft explosive or spitting sounds. "the engine sputtered and stopped" speak in a series of incoherent bursts as a result of strong emotion. "‘But … but …’ she sputtered" emit with a spitting sound. "the goose is in the oven, sputtering fat" proceed in a spasmodic and feeble way. "strikes in the public services sputtered on" 2. PHYSICS deposit (metal) on a surface by using fast ions to eject particles of it from a target. coat (a surface) with a spray of metal particles emitted from a target that is bombarded with fast ions. noun noun: sputter; plural noun: sputters 1. a series of soft explosive or spitting sounds. "the sputter of the motor died away" Origin --- impeccable /ɪmˈpɛkəb(ə)l/Submit adjective adjective: impeccable in accordance with the highest standards; faultless. "he had impeccable manners" synonyms: flawless, faultless, unblemished, spotless, stainless, untarnished, perfect, exemplary, ideal, model; More antonyms: imperfect, sinful RARE•THEOLOGY not liable to sin. Origin --- patter1 /ˈpatə/Submit verb verb: patter; 3rd person present: patters; past tense: pattered; past participle: pattered; gerund or present participle: pattering 1. make a repeated light tapping sound. "a flurry of rain pattered against the window" synonyms: pitter-patter, tap, drum, clatter, beat, pound, rattle, throb, pulsate, rat-a-tat, go pit-a-pat, pit-a-pat, clack, click-clack, thrum; More run with quick light steps. "he quickly pattered down the stairs" synonyms: scurry, scuttle, skip, trip, tiptoe, walk lightly, walk on tiptoe "she pattered across the floor" noun noun: patter; plural noun: patters 1. a repeated light tapping. "the plashing patter of steady rain" synonyms: pitter-patter, tapping, pattering, drumming, drumbeat, clatter, beat, beating, tattoo, pounding, throb, pulsation, rat-a-tat, pit-a-pat, clack, click-clack, clacketing, thrum, thrumming "the rain had stopped its vibrating patter above him" Phrases the patter of tiny feet — used in reference to the presence or imminent birth of a child. "I had given up hope of hearing the patter of tiny feet" -- lineage /ˈlɪnɪɪdʒ/Submit noun noun: lineage; plural noun: lineages 1. direct descent from an ancestor; ancestry or pedigree. "a Dutch nobleman of ancient lineage" synonyms: ancestry, family, parentage, birth; More ANTHROPOLOGY a social group tracing its descent from a single ancestor. 2. BIOLOGY a sequence of species each of which is considered to have evolved from its predecessor. "the chimpanzee and gorilla lineages" a sequence of cells in the body which developed from a common ancestral cell. "the myeloid lineage" Origin - argyle /ɑːˈɡʌɪl/Submit noun noun: argyle; plural noun: argyles a pattern composed of diamonds of various colours on a plain background, used in knitted garments such as sweaters and socks. "the traditional argyle design associated with golf" Origin 1940s: from Argyll, a family name and a former county of Scotland. The pattern is based on the tartan of the Argyll branch of the Campbell clan. --- goofy /ˈɡuːfi/Submit adjectiveINFORMAL adjective: goofy; comparative adjective: goofier; superlative adjective: goofiest 1. NORTH AMERICAN foolish or harmlessly eccentric. 2. having or displaying protruding or crooked front teeth. "a goofy grin" 3. (in surfing and other board sports) having the right leg in front of the left on the board. ---- tract1 /trakt/Submit noun noun: tract; plural noun: tracts 1. an area of land, typically a large one. "large tracts of natural forest" synonyms: area, region, expanse, span, sweep, stretch, extent, belt, swathe, zone, plot, patch, parcel, portion, section, sector, quarter; More an indefinitely large extent of something. "it took courage to privatize vast tracts of nationalized industry" 2. a major passage in the body, large bundle of nerve fibres, or other continuous elongated anatomical structure or region. "the digestive tract" Origin late Middle English (in the sense ‘duration or course of time’): from Latin tractus ‘drawing, draught’, from trahere ‘draw, pull’. tract2 /trakt/Submit noun noun: tract; plural noun: tracts a short treatise in pamphlet form, typically on a religious subject. synonyms: treatise, essay, article, paper, monograph, disquisition, dissertation, thesis, exposition, study, piece of writing, lecture, homily, sermon, work; More Origin late Middle English (denoting a written work treating a particular topic), apparently an abbreviation of Latin tractatus (see tractate). The current sense dates from the early 19th century. tract3 /trakt/Submit noun noun: tract; plural noun: tracts (in the Roman Catholic Church) an anthem of Scriptural verses formerly replacing the alleluia in certain penitential and requiem Masses. --- cesspool /ˈsɛspuːl/Submit noun noun: cesspool; plural noun: cesspools an underground container for the temporary storage of liquid waste and sewage. a disgusting or corrupt place. "the town is not the cesspool you portrayed" - savage /ˈsavɪdʒ/Submit noun plural noun: savages 1. (chiefly in historical or literary contexts) a member of a people regarded as primitive and uncivilized. synonyms: barbarian, wild man, wild woman, primitive, heathen; cannibal "Sheila had expected mud huts and savages" 2. a brutal or vicious person. "the mother of one of the victims has described his assailants as savages" synonyms: brute, beast, monster, barbarian, ogre, demon, sadist, animal "the mother of one of the victims has described his assailants as savages" 3. HERALDRY a representation of a bearded and semi-naked man with a wreath of leaves. verb 3rd person present: savages 1. (especially of a dog or wild animal) attack ferociously and maul. "police are rounding up dogs after a girl was savaged" synonyms: maul, attack, tear to pieces, lacerate, claw, bite, mutilate, mangle; worry "11-year-old Kelly was savaged by two Rottweilers" subject to a vicious verbal attack; criticize brutally. "he savaged the government for wasting billions in their failed bid to prop up the pound" synonyms: criticize severely, attack, lambaste, condemn, flay, shoot down, pillory, revile; More antonyms: praise, commend, applaud Origin --- vicious /ˈvɪʃəs/Submit adjective adjective: vicious 1. deliberately cruel or violent. "a vicious assault" synonyms: brutal, ferocious, savage, violent, dangerous, ruthless, remorseless, merciless, heartless, callous, cruel, harsh, cold-blooded, inhuman, fierce, barbarous, barbaric, brutish, bestial, bloodthirsty, bloody, fiendish, sadistic, monstrous, villainous, murderous, homicidal, heinous, atrocious, diabolical, terrible, dreadful, awful, grim; More antonyms: gentle, kindly, benevolent (of an animal) wild and dangerous to people. "the dog was vicious and likely to bite" serious or dangerous. "a vicious flu bug" 2. LITERARY immoral. "every soul on earth, virtuous or vicious, shall perish" 3. ARCHAIC (of language or a line of reasoning) imperfect; defective. Origin --- tavern /ˈtav(ə)n/Submit nounARCHAIC•NORTH AMERICAN plural noun: taverns an inn or public house. --- orthodoxy /ˈɔːθədɒksi/Submit noun noun: orthodoxy; plural noun: orthodoxies 1. authorized or generally accepted theory, doctrine, or practice. "monetarist orthodoxy" synonyms: doctrine, belief, conviction, creed, dogma, credo, theory, view, idea, tenet, teaching, practice, received wisdom, article of faith "the prevailing aesthetic orthodoxies" the quality of conforming to orthodox theories, doctrines, or practices. "writings of unimpeachable orthodoxy" synonyms: conventionality, conventionalism, conformism, conservatism, traditionalism, conformity, properness, propriety, correctness, doctrinalism, unoriginality "a pillar of orthodoxy, he challenged the theological liberalism of his time" 2. the whole community of Orthodox Jews or Orthodox Christians. "she was brought up in orthodoxy" Origin --- tenuous /ˈtɛnjʊəs/Submit adjective adjective: tenuous very weak or slight. "the tenuous link between interest rates and investment" synonyms: slight, insubstantial, flimsy, negligible, weak, fragile, shaky, sketchy, doubtful, dubious, questionable, suspect; More antonyms: convincing, substantial, strong very slender or fine; insubstantial. "a tenuous cloud" synonyms: fine, thin, slender, attenuated, delicate, gossamer, fragile "a tenuous thread" antonyms: thick Origin ----- doctrine /ˈdɒktrɪn/ noun noun: doctrine; plural noun: doctrines a belief or set of beliefs held and taught by a Church, political party, or other group. "the doctrine of predestination" synonyms: creed, credo, dogma, belief, set of beliefs, code of belief, conviction, teaching; More US a stated principle of government policy, mainly in foreign or military affairs. "the Truman Doctrine" Origin late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin doctrina ‘teaching, learning’, from doctor ‘teacher’, from docere ‘teach’. ----- dismay /dɪsˈmeɪ/ noun 1. concern and distress caused by something unexpected. "to his dismay, she left him" synonyms: alarm, shock, surprise, consternation, concern, perturbation, disquiet, disquietude, discomposure, distress, upset, anxiety, trepidation, fear "they greeted his decision with great dismay" verb 1. cause (someone) to feel concern and distress. "they were dismayed by the U-turn in policy" synonyms: appal, horrify, shock, shake, shake up; More ----- argument /ˈɑːɡjʊm(ə)nt/ Learn to pronounce noun 1. an exchange of diverging or opposite views, typically a heated or angry one. "I've had an argument with my father" Similar: quarrel disagreement squabble fight difference of opinion dispute wrangle clash altercation feud dissension war of words contretemps exchange of views debate discussion discourse disputation controversy tiff barney set-to dust-up bust-up shouting/slanging match spat ding-dong falling-out row afters rammy 2. a reason or set of reasons given in support of an idea, action or theory. "there is a strong argument for submitting a formal appeal" Similar: reasoning line of reasoning logic case defence --- assuage /əˈsweɪdʒ/ Learn to pronounce verb past tense: assuaged; past participle: assuaged make (an unpleasant feeling) less intense. "the letter assuaged the fears of most members" Similar: relieve ease alleviate soothe mitigate dampen allay calm palliate abate lull temper suppress smother stifle subdue tranquillize mollify moderate modify tone down attenuate dilute lessen diminish decrease reduce lower put an end to put a stop to take the edge off kill lenify Opposite: aggravate satisfy (an appetite or desire). "an opportunity occurred to assuage her desire for knowledge" Similar: satisfy fulfil gratify appease indulge relieve slake sate satiate quench quell overcome check keep in check dull blunt allay take the edge off diminish Opposite: intensify Origin --- seldom /ˈsɛldəm/ Learn to pronounce adverb adverb: seldom not often; rarely. "Islay is seldom visited by tourists" Similar: rarely infrequently on rare occasions hardly ever scarcely ever hardly scarcely almost never (every) once in a while only now and then not often only occasionally sporadically once in a blue moon Opposite: often frequently adjectiveDATED adjective: seldom not common; infrequent. "a great but seldom pleasure" Origin --- punt1 /pʌnt/ noun noun: punt; plural noun: punts a long, narrow flat-bottomed boat, square at both ends and propelled with a long pole, used on inland waters chiefly for recreation. verb verb: punt; 3rd person present: punts; past tense: punted; past participle: punted; gerund or present participle: punting travel or convey in a punt. "in summer you can enjoy punting along the river" Origin Old English, from Latin ponto, denoting a flat-bottomed ferry boat; readopted in the early 16th century from Middle Low German punte or Middle Dutch ponte ‘ferry boat’, of the same origin. punt2 /pʌnt/ verb verb: punt; 3rd person present: punts; past tense: punted; past participle: punted; gerund or present participle: punting 1. SOCCER kick (the ball) a long distance upfield. "the Leeds player kindly punted the ball back to them" 2. AMERICAN FOOTBALL•RUGBY kick the ball after it has dropped from the hands and before it reaches the ground. "he used to be able to punt a football farther than anyone" noun noun: punt; plural noun: punts an act of punting a ball. "Wood failed to cut out a long punt from Nicholas" Origin mid 19th century: probably from dialect punt ‘push forcibly’. Compare with bunt1. punt3 /pʌnt/ verb verb: punt; 3rd person present: punts; past tense: punted; past participle: punted; gerund or present participle: punting (in some gambling card games) lay a stake against the bank. INFORMAL•BRITISH bet or speculate on something. "investors are punting on a takeover" nounINFORMAL•BRITISH noun: punt; plural noun: punts a bet. "those taking a punt on the company's success" Phrases take a punt at — attempt to do (something). Origin early 18th century: from French ponte ‘player against the bank’, from Spanish punto ‘a point’. punt4 /pʊnt/ noun noun: punt; plural noun: punts (until the introduction of the euro in 2002) the basic monetary unit of the Republic of Ireland, equal to 100 pence. Origin --- paddle1 /ˈpad(ə)l/ Learn to pronounce verb past tense: paddled; past participle: paddled 1. move through the water in a boat using a paddle or paddles. "she paddled along the coast" Similar: row gently pull scull propel a boat along (a stretch of water) using paddles. "a legal right to paddle Scottish rivers" (of bird or other animal) swim with short fast strokes. "the swan paddled away" 2. INFORMAL•NORTH AMERICAN beat (someone) with a paddle as a punishment. "ask the mother if she minds the offspring getting paddled from time to time" Origin late Middle English (denoting a small spade-like implement): of unknown origin. Current senses date from the 17th century. paddle2 /ˈpad(ə)l/ Learn to pronounce verb past tense: paddled; past participle: paddled walk with bare feet in shallow water. "the children paddled at the water's edge" Similar: splash about wade dabble slop squelch dabble the feet or hands in water. "Peter paddled idly in the water with his fingers" Origin mid 16th century: of obscure origin; compare with Low German paddeln ‘tramp about’; the association with water remains unexplained. --- piety /ˈpʌɪəti/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: piety the quality of being religious or reverent. "acts of piety and charity" Similar: devoutness devotion piousness religiousness religion holiness godliness sanctity sanctitude saintliness devotion to God veneration reverence faith religious duty spirituality sacredness religious zeal fervour pietism religiosity a belief which is accepted with unthinking conventional reverence. plural noun: pieties "the accepted pieties of our time" Similar: dutifulness obedience deference duty respect respectfulness compliance acquiescence tractability tractableness submissiveness submission subservience Opposite: impiety Origin --- apothecary /əˈpɒθɪk(ə)ri/ noun ARCHAIC a person who prepared and sold medicines and drugs. Origin late Middle English: via Old French from late Latin apothecarius, from Latin apotheca, from Greek apothēkē ‘storehouse’. --- impresario /ˌɪmprɪˈsɑːrɪəʊ/ Learn to pronounce noun a person who organizes and often finances concerts, plays, or operas. Similar: organizer manager producer stage manager promotor publicist showman controller arranger fixer financier money man director conductor maestro HISTORICAL the manager of a musical, theatrical, or operatic company. --- aver /əˈvəː/ Learn to pronounce verbFORMAL verb: aver; 3rd person present: avers; past tense: averred; past participle: averred; gerund or present participle: averring state or assert to be the case. "he averred that he was innocent of the allegations" Similar: declare maintain claim assert state attest affirm avow swear vow profess insist protest avouch asseverate LAW allege as a fact in support of a plea. "the defendant does not aver any performance by himself" Origin --- draft /drɑːft/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: draft; plural noun: drafts; noun: the draft 1. a preliminary version of a piece of writing. "the first draft of the party's manifesto" a plan, sketch, or rough drawing. "a manuscript draft representing the explorer's latest findings" Similar: preliminary version rough sketch outline plan blueprint skeleton abstract main points bones bare bones design artist's impression diagram drawing scale drawing sketch pattern map layout representation Opposite: final version COMPUTING a mode of operation of a printer in which text is produced rapidly but with relatively low definition. 2. a written order to pay a specified sum. Similar: cheque order banker's order money order bill of exchange postal order negotiable instrument 3. US compulsory recruitment for military service. "25 million men were subject to the draft" NORTH AMERICAN a procedure whereby sports players are made available for selection or reselection by the teams in a league, usually with the earlier choices being given to the weaker teams. "the White Sox chose him in the 13th round of the 1990 draft" RARE a group or individual selected from a larger group for a special duty, e.g. for military service. "the draft and I were sent to the barracks near Folkestone" 4. US spelling of draught (noun). verb verb: draft; 3rd person present: drafts; past tense: drafted; past participle: drafted; gerund or present participle: drafting; verb: draught; 3rd person present: draughts; past tense: draughted; past participle: draughted; gerund or present participle: draughting 1. prepare a preliminary version of (a document). "I drafted a letter of resignation" 2. select (a person or group of people) and bring them somewhere for a certain purpose. "riot police were drafted in to break up the blockade" US conscript (someone) for military service. "he was drafted in 1938" NORTH AMERICAN select (a player) for a sports team through the draft. "he was drafted by Winnipeg and traded the following spring" adjective US spelling of draught (adjective). Origin mid 16th century: phonetic spelling of draught. draught /drɑːft/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: draft 1. a current of cool air in a room or other confined space. "heavy curtains at the windows cut out draughts" Similar: current of air rush of air breath whiff waft wind breeze gust puff blast gale blow zephyr 2. a single act of drinking or inhaling. "she downed the remaining beer in one draught" the amount swallowed or inhaled in a draught. "he took deep draughts of oxygen into his lungs" Similar: gulp drink swallow mouthful swig swill slug chug LITERARY•ARCHAIC a quantity of a liquid with medicinal properties. "a sleeping draught" 3. the depth of water needed to float a ship. "the shallow draught enabled her to get close inshore" 4. the drawing in of a fishing net. the fish taken at one drawing; a catch. adjective adjective: draft 1. denoting beer or cider served from a barrel or tank rather than from a bottle or can. "draught ale" 2. denoting an animal used for pulling heavy loads. "a draught horse" --- stingy /ˈstɪn(d)ʒi/ Learn to pronounce adjectiveINFORMAL adjective: stingy; comparative adjective: stingier; superlative adjective: stingiest mean; ungenerous. "his boss is stingy and idle" Similar: mean miserly parsimonious niggardly close-fisted penny-pinching cheese-paring penurious Scrooge-like ungenerous illiberal close mingy tight tight-fisted cheap near vulgar slangtight-arsed Opposite: generous liberal magnanimous Origin mid 17th century: perhaps a dialect variant of the noun sting + -y1. --- persecution /pəːsɪˈkjuːʃn/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: persecution; plural noun: persecutions hostility and ill-treatment, especially because of race or political or religious beliefs; oppression. "her family fled religious persecution" Similar: oppression victimization maltreatment ill treatment mistreatment abuse ill usage discrimination tyranny tyrannization punishment torment torture pogrom witch hunt red-baiting harassment hounding harrying badgering teasing bullying molestation persistent annoyance or harassment. "his persecution at the hands of other students" --- brethren /ˈbrɛðr(ɪ)n/ Learn to pronounce archaic plural of brother. noun plural noun: brethren fellow Christians or members of a male religious order. IRONIC•HUMOROUS people belonging to a particular group. "our brethren in the popular national press" brother /ˈbrʌðə/ Learn to pronounce noun plural noun: brethren 1. a man or boy in relation to other sons and daughters of his parents. "he recognized her from her strong resemblance to her brother" Similar: male sibling bro bruvver bruv a male associate or fellow member of an organization. "the time is coming, brothers, for us to act" Similar: colleague associate companion partner comrade comrade-in-arms co-worker fellow friend confrère pal chum mate bruvver bruv bro compeer INFORMAL•NORTH AMERICAN a black man (often used as a term of address by other black people). noun: brotha; noun: brutha "there I was with one white boy and this other brother" a thing which resembles or is connected to another thing. "the machine is almost identical to its larger brother" 2. CHRISTIAN CHURCH a (male) fellow Christian. a member of a religious order of men. "a Benedictine brother" Similar: monk cleric friar religious regular monastic contemplative a member of a fundamentalist Protestant denomination. "the Plymouth Brethren" Origin --- apparel /əˈpar(ə)l/ Learn to pronounce nounFORMAL•US noun: apparel clothing. "they were dressed in bright apparel" Similar: clothes clothing garments dress attire wear garb wardrobe outfit costume robes vestments gear get-up togs duds garms clobber kit rig-out threads raiment habit habiliments embroidered ornamentation on ecclesiastical vestments. plural noun: apparels verbARCHAIC verb: apparel; 3rd person present: apparels; past tense: apparelled; past participle: apparelled; gerund or present participle: apparelling; past tense: appareled; past participle: appareled; gerund or present participle: appareling clothe (someone). "all the vestments in which they used to apparel their Deities" --- homestead /ˈhəʊmstɛd/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: homestead; plural noun: homesteads 1. a house, especially a farmhouse, and outbuildings. AUSTRALIAN/NZ the owner's residence on a sheep or cattle station. SOUTH AFRICAN a hut or cluster of huts occupied by one family or clan, standing alone or as part of a traditional African village. 2. HISTORICAL•NORTH AMERICAN an area of land (usually 160 acres) granted to a settler in the West as a home. Origin --- sustain /səˈsteɪn/ Learn to pronounce verb verb: sustain; 3rd person present: sustains; past tense: sustained; past participle: sustained; gerund or present participle: sustaining 1. strengthen or support physically or mentally. "this thought had sustained him throughout the years" Similar: comfort help assist encourage succour support give strength to be a source of strength to be a tower of strength to buoy up carry cheer up hearten see someone through buck up Opposite: torment plague bear (the weight of an object) without breaking or falling. "he sagged against her so that she could barely sustain his weight" Similar: bear support carry stand keep up prop up shore up bolster underpin buttress Opposite: collapse under 2. undergo or suffer (something unpleasant, especially an injury). "he sustained severe head injuries" Similar: undergo experience go through suffer endure 3. cause to continue for an extended period or without interruption. "he cannot sustain a normal conversation" Similar: continue carry on keep up keep going keep alive keep in existence keep maintain prolong preserve conserve protract perpetuate bolster up prop up retain extend continuous ongoing steady continual continuing constant running prolonged persistent non-stop perpetual unfaltering unremitting unabating unrelenting relentless unrelieved unbroken never-ending unending incessant unceasing ceaseless round the clock Opposite: intermittent sporadic (of a performer) represent (a part or character) convincingly. "he sustained the role of Creon with burly resilience" 4. uphold, affirm, or confirm the justice or validity of. "the allegations of discrimination were sustained" Similar: uphold validate ratify vindicate confirm endorse approve verify corroborate substantiate bear out prove authenticate attest to back up evidence justify nounMUSIC noun: sustain an effect or facility on a keyboard or electronic instrument whereby a note can be sustained after the key is released. Origin --- Philadelphia, known colloquially as Philly, is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the sixth-most populous U.S. city with a 2018 census-estimated population of 1,584,138. The Philadelphia area's many universities and colleges make it a top study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational and economic hub. As of 2019, the Philadelphia metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of $490 billion. Philadelphia is the center of economic activity in Pennsylvania and is home to five Fortune 1000 companies. --- Jamaica is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning 10,990 square kilometres (4,240 sq mi) in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean (after Cuba and Hispaniola). Jamaica lies about 145 kilometres (90 mi) south of Cuba, and 191 kilometres (119 mi) west of Hispaniola (the island containing the countries of Haiti and the Dominican Republic); the British Overseas Territory of the Cayman Islands lies some 215 kilometres (134 mi) to the north-west. With 2.9 million people, Jamaica is the third-most populous Anglophone country in the Americas (after the United States and Canada), and the fourth-most populous country in the Caribbean. Kingston is the country's capital and largest city. The majority of Jamaicans are of African ancestry, with significant European, Chinese, Indian, Lebanese, and mixed-race minorities. Due to a high rate of emigration for work since the 1960s, there is a large Jamaican diaspora, particularly in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The country has a global influence that belies its small size; it was the birthplace of the Rastafari religion, reggae music (and associated genres such as dub, ska and dancehall), and it is internationally prominent in sports, most notably cricket, sprinting and athletics. Jamaica is an upper-middle income country with an economy heavily dependent on tourism, with an average of 4.3 million tourists a year. Politically it is a Commonwealth realm, with Elizabeth II as its queen. Her appointed representative in the country is the Governor-General of Jamaica, an office held by Patrick Allen since 2009. Andrew Holness has served as Prime Minister of Jamaica since March 2016. Jamaica is a parliamentary constitutional monarchy with legislative power vested in the bicameral Parliament of Jamaica, consisting of an appointed Senate and a directly elected House of Representatives. --- Montgomery is the capital city of the U.S. state of Alabama and the county seat of Montgomery County. Named for Richard Montgomery, it stands beside the Alabama River, on the coastal Plain of the Gulf of Mexico. In the 2010 Census, Montgomery's population was 205,764. It is the second most populous city in Alabama, after Birmingham, and is the 118th most populous in the United States. The Montgomery Metropolitan Statistical Area's population in 2010 was estimated at 374,536; it is the fourth largest in the state and 136th among United States metropolitan areas. --- homestead /ˈhəʊmstɛd/ Learn to pronounce noun 1. a house, especially a farmhouse, and outbuildings. 2. HISTORICAL•NORTH AMERICAN an area of land (usually 160 acres) granted to a settler in the West as a home. --- impotent /ˈɪmpət(ə)nt/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: impotent 1. unable to take effective action; helpless or powerless. "he was seized with an impotent anger" Similar: powerless ineffective ineffectual inadequate weak useless worthless vain futile unavailing unsuccessful profitless fruitless impuissant lame feeble effete past it Opposite: powerful effective strong 2. (of a man) abnormally unable to achieve an erection or orgasm. "he was on medication which had made him impotent" (of a male animal) unable to copulate. Origin --- tempt /tɛm(p)t/ Learn to pronounce verb past tense: tempted; past participle: tempted entice or try to entice (someone) to do something that they find attractive but know to be wrong or unwise. "there'll always be someone tempted by the rich pickings of poaching" Similar: entice persuade convince inveigle induce cajole coax woo sweet-talk smooth-talk Opposite: discourage deter dissuade have an urge or inclination to do something. "I was tempted to look at my watch, but didn't dare" persuade (someone) to do something. "he was tempted out of retirement to save the team from relegation" ARCHAIC risk provoking (a deity or abstract force), usually with undesirable consequences. "how is it that ye have agreed together, to tempt the Spirit of the Lord?" Origin --- makeshift /ˈmeɪkʃɪft/ adjective acting as an interim and temporary measure. "arranging a row of chairs to form a makeshift bed" Similar: temporary make-do provisional stopgap standby rough and ready substitute emergency improvised ad hoc impromptu extemporary extempore thrown together cobbled together jury-rigged jury quick and dirty Opposite: permanent noun a temporary substitute or device. --- BUNS (slang) means "Buttocks" --- affine /əˈfʌɪn/ Learn to pronounce adjectiveMATHEMATICS adjective: affine allowing for or preserving parallel relationships. nounANTHROPOLOGY noun: affine; plural noun: affines a relative by marriage. Origin --- ubiquitous /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/ Learn to pronounce adjective present, appearing, or found everywhere. "his ubiquitous influence was felt by all the family" Similar: omnipresent ever-present present everywhere everywhere --- ablation /əˈbleɪʃ(ə)n/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: ablation 1. the surgical removal of body tissue. 2. the removal of snow and ice from a glacier or iceberg by melting or evaporation. the erosion of rock, typically by wind action. the loss of surface material from a spacecraft or meteorite through evaporation or melting caused by friction with the atmosphere. Origin --- intransigence /ɪnˈtranzɪdʒ(ə)ns/ Learn to pronounce noun refusal to change one's views or to agree about something. "in the face of government intransigence, he resigned in disgust" --- belonging /bɪˈlɒŋɪŋ/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: belonging an affinity for a place or situation. "we feel a real sense of belonging" belong /bɪˈlɒŋ/ Learn to pronounce verb gerund or present participle: belonging 1. be the property of. "the vehicle did not belong to him" Similar: be owned by be the property of be the possession of be in the ownership of be held by be at the disposal of be in the hands of be due to. "most of the credit belongs to Paul" (of a contest or period of time) be dominated by. "the race belonged completely to Fogarty" 2. be a member of (a particular group or organization). "he belonged to the local cricket club" Similar: be a member of be in be included in be affiliated to be allied to be associated with be connected to be linked to be an adherent of (of a person) have an affinity for a specified place or situation. "she is a stranger, and doesn't belong here" Similar: fit in be suited to have a rightful place have a home be part of go click affiliation acceptance association attachment connection union integration closeness rapport fellow feeling fellowship kinship partnership Opposite: alienation have the right personal or social qualities to be a member of a particular group. "young people are generally very anxious to belong" 3. (of a thing) be rightly placed in a specified position. "he put the rifle back in the locker where it belonged" be rightly assigned to a specified category. "these compounds belong to a class of chemical mediators called kairomones" Similar: have a place be located be situated be found lie stand be included be classed be classified be categorized Origin Old English belangian, of Germanic origin. --- partisan /ˈpɑːtɪzan,ˌpɑːtɪˈzan/ Learn to pronounce noun 1. a strong supporter of a party, cause, or person. "partisans of the exiled Stuarts" Similar: supporter follower adherent devotee champion backer upholder promoter fanatic fan enthusiast stalwart zealot disciple votary booster cohort rooter janissary sectary 2. a member of an armed group formed to fight secretly against an occupying force, in particular one operating in German-occupied Yugoslavia, Italy, and parts of eastern Europe in the Second World War. "the partisans opened fire from the woods" Similar: guerrilla freedom fighter resistance fighter member of the resistance underground fighter irregular soldier irregular terrorist adjective prejudiced in favour of a particular cause. "newspapers have become increasingly partisan" Similar: biased prejudiced one-sided coloured discriminatory preferential --- sweeten-the-pot. Verb. (idiomatic) To increase a wager. He sweetened the pot since there were no takers in the office pool. (idiomatic) To make something more desirable. --- mollify /ˈmɒlɪfʌɪ/ Learn to pronounce verb past tense: mollified; past participle: mollified appease the anger or anxiety of (someone). "nature reserves were set up around the power stations to mollify local conservationists" Similar: appease placate pacify conciliate humour soothe calm calm down still quieten propitiate square someone off Opposite: enrage RARE reduce the severity of (something). "the women hoped to mollify the harsh wilderness environment" Similar: allay assuage alleviate mitigate ease lessen reduce --- latent /ˈleɪt(ə)nt/ adjective (of a quality or state) existing but not yet developed or manifest; hidden or concealed. "they have a huge reserve of latent talent" Similar: dormant quiescent inactive untapped unused undiscovered hidden unrevealed unexpressed concealed unapparent indiscernible imperceptible invisible inert covert unseen veiled masked lurking undeveloped unrealized unfulfilled potential not activated inoperative in abeyance suppressed repressed possible likely underlying inherent innermost immanent inchoate unacknowledged subconscious unconscious sleeping Opposite: manifest obvious active BIOLOGY lying dormant or hidden until circumstances are suitable for development or manifestation. "axillary buds or eyes in the leaf axils are latent growth buds" Similar: dormant quiescent inactive untapped unused undiscovered hidden unrevealed unexpressed concealed unapparent indiscernible imperceptible invisible inert covert unseen veiled masked lurking undeveloped unrealized unfulfilled potential not activated inoperative in abeyance suppressed repressed possible likely underlying inherent innermost immanent inchoate unacknowledged subconscious unconscious sleeping Opposite: manifest obvious active (of a disease) not yet manifesting the usual symptoms. "diabetes may be latent for some years before diagnosis" Similar: dormant quiescent inactive untapped unused undiscovered hidden unrevealed unexpressed concealed unapparent indiscernible imperceptible invisible inert covert unseen veiled masked lurking undeveloped unrealized unfulfilled potential not activated inoperative in abeyance suppressed repressed possible likely underlying inherent innermost immanent inchoate unacknowledged subconscious unconscious sleeping Opposite: manifest obvious active PHYSIOLOGY (of a microorganism, especially a virus) present in the body without causing disease, but capable of doing so at a later stage, or when transmitted to another body. Similar: dormant quiescent inactive untapped unused --- godsend /ˈɡɒdsɛnd/ Learn to pronounce noun plural noun: godsends a very helpful or valuable event, person, or article. "these information packs are a godsend to schools" Similar: boon blessing bonus good thing benefit help aid advantage gain asset privilege luxury windfall bonanza stroke of luck piece of good fortune perk plus plus point pro perquisite benison Opposite: scourge Origin early 19th century: from God's send ‘what God has sent’. --- dovetail /ˈdʌvteɪl/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: dovetail; plural noun: dovetails a joint formed by one or more tapered projections (tenons) on one piece which interlock with corresponding notches or recesses (mortises) in another. a tenon used in a dovetail joint, typically wider at its extremity. verb verb: dovetail; 3rd person present: dovetails; past tense: dovetailed; past participle: dovetailed; gerund or present participle: dovetailing 1. join together by means of a dovetail. Similar: joint join fit together link interlock splice mortise tenon 2. fit or cause to fit together easily and conveniently. "plan to enable parents to dovetail their career and family commitments" Similar: fit in go together be consistent agree accord concur coincide --- betwixt /bɪˈtwɪkst/ Learn to pronounce preposition · adverb preposition: betwixt; adverb: betwixt archaic term for between. Phrases betwixt and between — not fully or properly either of two things. "the book seems betwixt and between—neither tall tale nor American history" --- impinge /ɪmˈpɪn(d)ʒ/ Learn to pronounce verb verb: impinge; 3rd person present: impinges; past tense: impinged; past participle: impinged; gerund or present participle: impinging have an effect, especially a negative one. "several factors impinge on market efficiency" Similar: affect have an effect on have a bearing on touch influence exert influence on make an impression on make an impact on leave a mark on advance over an area belonging to someone or something else; encroach. "the proposed fencing would impinge on a public bridleway" Similar: encroach on intrude on infringe invade trespass on obtrude into make inroads into cut through interfere with violate muscle in on entrench on PHYSICS strike. "the gases impinge on the surface of the liquid" Similar: strike hit dash against collide with Origin --- conceal /kənˈsiːl/ Learn to pronounce verb not allow to be seen; hide. "a line of sand dunes concealed the distant sea" Similar: hide keep out of sight keep hidden secrete tuck away screen cover obscure block out blot out disguise camouflage mask cloak mantle shroud enshroud hidden not visible secret out of sight unseen invisible screened covered disguised camouflaged obscured inconspicuous unnoticeable private privy secreted tucked away Opposite: reveal expose prevent (something) from being known; keep secret. "they were at great pains to conceal that information from the public" Similar: hide cover up disguise dissemble mask veil keep secret --- ingeniously /ɪnˈdʒiːnɪəsli/ Learn to pronounce adverb adverb: ingeniously in a clever, original, and inventive manner. "rooms ingeniously designed to withstand the most devastating earthquakes" --- Phrase. when push comes to shove. (figuratively, idiomatic) When the pressure is on; when the situation is critical or urgent; when the time has come for action, even if it is difficult. He is not a particularly talented builder, but when push comes to shove, he can usually get the job done. --- BATNA and ZOPA -- a quick introduction BATNA stands for Best Alternative To Negotiated Agreement. ... ZOPA stands for Zone of Possible Agreement. The people you're negotiating with have a BATNA too. The ZOPA is the set of all deals that are at least as good for each party in a negotiation as their respective BATNAs. --- slop1 /slɒp/ Learn to pronounce verb verb: slop; 3rd person present: slops; past tense: slopped; past participle: slopped; gerund or present participle: slopping 1. (of a liquid) spill or flow over the edge of a container, typically as a result of careless handling. "water slopped over the edge of the sink" Similar: spill flow overflow run slosh splash splatter spatter cause (a liquid) to spill over the edge of a container. "I slopped coffee in my saucer" (of liquid) move within a container, noisily slapping against the sides. "water slopped around in the bottom of the boat" apply or pour (a liquid substance) in a casual or careless manner. "they spent their weekend slopping on paint" wade through (a wet or muddy area). "they were slopping through paddy fields" 2. BRITISH dress in an untidy or casual manner. "at weekends he would slop about in his oldest clothes" Similar: laze (around/about) lounge (around/about) do nothing loll (around/about) loaf (around/about) slouch (about/around) vegetate hang around veg out hang about mooch about/around slummock around bum around bat around/about lollygag 3. BRITISH (especially in prison) empty the contents of a chamber pot. "the indignity of slopping out" 4. feed slops to (an animal). "they think a farmer's wife spends all her time slopping hogs" 5. NORTH AMERICAN speak or write in a sentimentally effusive manner; gush. "she slopped over her dog" noun plural noun: slops 1. waste water from a kitchen, bathroom, or chamber pot that has to be emptied by hand. "sink slops" semi-liquid kitchen refuse, often used as animal food. "she emptied some slops for the chickens" unappetizing semi-liquid food. noun: slop 2. NORTH AMERICAN sentimental language or material. "country music is not all commercial slop" 3. NAUTICAL a choppy sea. Phrases on the slops — drinking alcohol (especially beer) in large quantities. "when we get on the slops, the first one to look at their phone has to pay" Origin mid 16th century (in the sense ‘to spill, splash’): probably related to slip3. Early use of the noun denoted ‘slushy mud’, the first of the current senses (‘unappetizing food’) dating from the mid 17th century. slop2 /slɒp/ noun ARCHAIC noun: slop; plural noun: slops 1. a workman's loose outer garment. 2. wide, baggy trousers common in the 16th and early 17th centuries, especially as worn by sailors. clothes and bedding supplied to sailors by the navy. ready-made or cheap clothing. Origin --- sag1 /saɡ/ verb past tense: sagged; past participle: sagged 1. sink, subside, or bulge downwards under weight or pressure or through lack of strength. "she let her head sag lower and lower" Similar: sink subside slump crumple loll flop curve down hang down dip droop swag bulge bag hang down loosely or unevenly. "stockings which sagged at the knees" Similar: drooping saggy bowed bowing hanging limply dangling droopy wilting 2. decline to a lower level, usually temporarily. "exports are forging ahead while home sales sag" Similar: falter weaken languish flag fade wilt shrivel wither fail fall decline go down drop drop/fall off turn down decrease diminish reduce sink slump plummet tumble crash take a nosedive nosedive Origin --- sweltering /ˈswɛlt(ə)rɪŋ/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: sweltering uncomfortably hot. "a sweltering English summer" swelter /ˈswɛltə/ Learn to pronounce verb gerund or present participle: sweltering be uncomfortably hot. "Barney sweltered in his doorman's uniform" Similar: hot stifling suffocating humid steamy sultry sticky muggy close stuffy airless oppressive tropical torrid burning searing parching like an oven like a Turkish bath jungle-like claggy boiling baking roasting blistering sizzling Opposite: cold chilly cool Origin --- wilt1 /wɪlt/ Learn to pronounce verb past tense: wilted; past participle: wilted 1. (of a plant, leaf, or flower) become limp through heat, loss of water, or disease; droop. Similar: droop sag become limp become flaccid flop wither shrivel (up) Opposite: thrive flourish (of a person) lose energy, vigour, or confidence. "Lady Beresford was beginning to wilt as she greeted the long line of guests" Similar: languish flag lose energy become listless feel weak/faint droop sag Opposite: perk up 2. leave (mown grass or a forage crop) in the open to dry partially before being collected for silage. Origin --- teacake /ˈtiːkeɪk/ Learn to pronounce nounBRITISH plural noun: teacakes a light yeast-based sweet bun with dried fruit, typically served toasted and buttered. --- amble /ˈamb(ə)l/ verb past tense: ambled; past participle: ambled walk or move at a slow, relaxed pace. "they ambled along the riverbank" Similar: stroll saunter wander meander ramble dawdle promenade walk go for a walk take a walk roam traipse stretch one's legs get some exercise get some air take the air stravaig mosey tootle pootle bimble mooch swan putter perambulate peregrinate Opposite: stride --- slat /slat/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: slat; plural noun: slats a thin, narrow piece of wood, plastic, or metal, especially one of a series which overlap or fit into each other, as in a fence or a Venetian blind. "sunlight filtered dustily through the slats of the door" Origin late Middle English (in the sense ‘roofing slate’): shortening of Old French esclat ‘splinter’, from esclater ‘to split’. The current sense dates from the mid 18th century. --- epic /ˈɛpɪk/ noun: epic; plural noun: epics 1. a long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the past history of a nation. Similar: heroic poem long poem long story saga legend romance lay history chronicle myth fable folk tale folk story the genre of epics. "the romances display gentler emotions not found in Greek epic" a long film, book, or other work portraying heroic deeds and adventures or covering an extended period of time. "a Hollywood biblical epic" Similar: epic film long film blockbuster 2. INFORMAL an exceptionally long and arduous task or activity. "the business of getting hospital treatment soon became an epic" adjective: epic 1. relating to or characteristic of an epic or epics. "our national epic poem Beowulf" Similar: heroic long grand monumental vast Homeric Miltonian lofty grandiloquent high-flown high-sounding extravagant bombastic Opposite: understated 2. heroic or grand in scale or character. "his epic journey around the world" Similar: ambitious heroic grand arduous extraordinary Herculean very long very great very large huge monumental INFORMAL particularly impressive or remarkable. "the gig last night was epic" --- catecholamine /ˌkatɪˈkəʊləmiːn/ nounBIOCHEMISTRY any of a class of aromatic amines which includes a number of neurotransmitters such as adrenaline and dopamine. -- fawning /ˈfɔːnɪŋ/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: fawning displaying exaggerated flattery or affection; obsequious. "fawning adoration" fawn1 /fɔːn/ Learn to pronounce verb gerund or present participle: fawning (of a deer) produce young. "the forest was closed for hunting when the does were fawning" Origin late Middle English: from Old French faon, based on Latin fetus ‘offspring’; compare with fetus. fawn2 /fɔːn/ Learn to pronounce verb gerund or present participle: fawning (of a person) give a servile display of exaggerated flattery or affection, typically in order to gain favour. "congressmen fawn over the President" Similar: be obsequious to be sycophantic to be servile to curry favour with pay court to play up to crawl to creep to ingratiate oneself with dance attendance on fall over oneself for kowtow to toady to truckle to bow and scrape before grovel before cringe before abase oneself before flatter praise sing the praises of praise to the skies praise to excess eulogize sweet-talk soft-soap brown-nose suck up to make up to smarm around be all over fall all over butter up lick someone's boots rub up the right way lay it on thick lay it on with a trowel smoodge to obsequious servile sycophantic flattering ingratiating unctuous oleaginous oily toadyish slavish bowing and scraping grovelling abject crawling creeping cringing prostrate Uriah Heepish bootlicking smarmy slimy sucky soapy brown-nosing saponaceous vulgar slangkiss someone's arse arse-kissing bum-sucking kiss-ass ass-kissing suckholing (of a dog) show slavish devotion, especially by rubbing against someone. "the dogs started fawning on me" Origin -- collard /ˈkɒlɑːd/ Learn to pronounce nounDIALECT•NORTH AMERICAN noun: collard; plural noun: collards; noun: collards greens; plural noun: collards greenses; plural noun: collard greens a cabbage of a variety that does not develop a heart. Origin mid 18th century: reduced form of colewort, in the same sense, from cole + wort. --- yonder /ˈjɒndə/ Learn to pronounce adverbARCHAIC•DIALECT adverb: yonder at some distance in the direction indicated; over there. "there's a ford south of here, about nine miles yonder" determinerARCHAIC•DIALECT determiner: yonder that or those (used to refer to something situated at a distance). "what light through yonder window breaks?" noun noun: yonder the far distance. "attempting to fly off into the wide blue yonder" Origin --- puny /ˈpjuːni/ Learn to pronounce adjective small and weak. "white-faced, puny children" Similar: undersized underdeveloped undernourished underfed stunted slight small little diminutive dwarfish pygmy weak feeble weakly sickly delicate frail fragile weedy pint-sized pitiful pitiable inadequate negligible insufficient scant scanty derisory miserable sorry wretched meagre paltry trifling trivial insignificant inconsequential petty pathetic measly piddling piffling mingy poxy dinky exiguous Opposite: strong sturdy significant sizeable substantial poor in quality, amount, or size. "the army was reduced to a puny 100,000 men" --- scowl /skaʊl/ Learn to pronounce verb past tense: scowled; past participle: scowled frown in an angry or bad-tempered way. "she scowled at him defiantly" Similar: glower frown glare lour look daggers at look angrily at --- struggling /ˈstrʌɡlɪŋ/ Learn to pronounce adjective striving to achieve or attain something in the face of difficulty or resistance. "these figures suggest more bad news for struggling homeowners" --- edict /ˈiːdɪkt/ Learn to pronounce noun an official order or proclamation issued by a person in authority. "Clovis issued an edict protecting Church property" Similar: decree order command commandment mandate --- tyke /tʌɪk/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: tyke; plural noun: tykes; noun: tike; plural noun: tikes; noun: Yorkshire tyke; plural noun: Yorkshire tykes 1. INFORMAL a small child, especially a cheeky or mischievous one. "is the little tyke up to his tricks again?" CANADIAN an initiation level of sports competition for young children. "tyke hockey" 2. DATED•BRITISH an unpleasant or coarse man. 3. a dog, especially a mongrel. 4. INFORMAL•BRITISH a person from Yorkshire. "Geordies and tykes have never got on particularly well" 5. INFORMAL•DEROGATORY a Roman Catholic. Origin late Middle English (tyke (sense 2, sense 3)): from Old Norse tík ‘bitch’. --- vicissitude /vɪˈsɪsɪtjuːd,vʌɪˈsɪsɪtjuːd/ Learn to pronounce noun plural noun: vicissitudes 1. a change of circumstances or fortune, typically one that is unwelcome or unpleasant. "her husband's sharp vicissitudes of fortune" Similar: change alteration alternation transformation metamorphosis transmutation mutation modification transition development shift switch turn reversal reverse downturn inconstancy instability uncertainty unpredictability chanciness fickleness variability changeability fluctuation vacillation ups and downs 2. LITERARY alternation between opposite or contrasting things. "the vicissitude of the seasons" Origin --- mackerel /ˈmak(ə)r(ə)l/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: mackerel; plural noun: mackerel; plural noun: mackerels; noun: North Atlantic mackerel; plural noun: North Atlantic mackerel a predatory marine fish with a greenish-blue back, important as a food fish. --- squelch /skwɛltʃ/ Learn to pronounce verb verb: squelch; 3rd person present: squelches; past tense: squelched; past participle: squelched; gerund or present participle: squelching make a soft sucking sound such as that made by treading heavily through mud. "bedraggled guests squelched across the lawns" INFORMAL forcefully silence or suppress. "property developers tried to squelch public protest" noun noun: squelch; plural noun: squelches; noun: squelch circuit; plural noun: squelch circuits 1. a soft sucking sound made when pressure is applied to liquid or mud. "the squelch of their feet" 2. ELECTRONICS a circuit that suppresses the output of a radio receiver if the signal strength falls below a certain level. Origin early 17th century (originally denoting a heavy crushing fall on to something soft): imitative. --- prickle /ˈprɪk(ə)l/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: prickle; plural noun: prickles a short pointed outgrowth on the bark or epidermis of a plant; a small thorn. "the prickles of the gorse bushes" Similar: thorn needle barb spike point spine quill spur bristle prong tine spicule a small spine or pointed outgrowth on the skin of certain animals. a tingling sensation on a person's skin, typically caused by strong emotion. "Kathleen felt a prickle of excitement" Similar: tingle tingling sensation tingling prickling sensation chill thrill itching creeping sensation goosebumps goose pimples pins and needles paraesthesia formication verb verb: prickle; 3rd person present: prickles; past tense: prickled; past participle: prickled; gerund or present participle: prickling (of a part of the body) experience a tingling sensation, especially as a result of strong emotion. "the sound made her skin prickle with horror" Similar: tingle itch have a creeping sensation have goose pimples have gooseflesh have goosebumps have pins and needles cause a tingling sensation in. "I hate the way the fibres prickle your skin" Similar: make something tingle make something smart make something itch sting prick (of a person) react defensively or angrily to something. "she prickled at the implication that she had led a protected life" Origin --- fib /fɪb/ verb gerund or present participle: fibbing tell a fib. Similar: lie tell a fib tell a lie invent a story make up a story dissemble dissimulate pretend depart from the truth exaggerate stretch the truth pull someone's leg lie through one's teeth con kid be economical with the truth vulgar slangbullshit Opposite: tell the truth Origin mid 16th century: perhaps a shortening of obsolete fible-fable ‘nonsense’, reduplication of fable. --- befuddle /bɪˈfʌd(ə)l/ Learn to pronounce verb past tense: befuddled; past participle: befuddled cause to become unable to think clearly. "even in my befuddled state I could see that they meant trouble" Similar: confused muddled addled bewildered disoriented --- Liverwurst, leberwurst, or liver sausage is a kind of sausage made from liver. ... Liverwurst usually contains pigs' or calves' livers. Other ingredients are meat (notably veal), fat, and spices including ground black pepper, marjoram, allspice, thyme, ground mustard seed, or nutmeg. --- golly1 /ˈɡɒli/ Learn to pronounce exclamationINFORMAL used to express surprise or delight. "Golly! Is that the time?" --- flimsy /ˈflɪmzi/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: flimsy; comparative adjective: flimsier; superlative adjective: flimsiest insubstantial and easily damaged. "a flimsy barrier" Similar: insubstantial slight light fragile breakable frail shaky unstable wobbly tottery rickety ramshackle makeshift jerry-built badly built thrown together cheap shoddy gimcrack Opposite: sturdy (of clothing) very light and thin. "the flimsy garment fell from her" Similar: thin light lightweight fine ultra-fine diaphanous sheer delicate insubstantial floaty filmy silken chiffony gossamer gossamer-thin gossamer-like gossamery gauzy gauze-like cobwebby feathery translucent transparent see-through transpicuous translucid Opposite: thick (of a pretext or account) weak and unconvincing. "a pretty flimsy excuse" Similar: weak feeble poor inadequate insufficient thin unsubstantial unconvincing implausible unsatisfactory paltry trifling trivial shallow Opposite: sound nounBRITISH noun: flimsy; plural noun: flimsies a document, especially a copy, made on very thin paper. "credit-card flimsies" very thin paper. "sheets of yellow flimsy" Origin --- abrasive /əˈbreɪsɪv/ Learn to pronounce noun plural noun: abrasives a substance used for grinding, polishing, or cleaning a hard surface. "the refrigerator is easily damaged by abrasives" --- resuscitation /rɪsʌsɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: resuscitation; noun: resuscitations the action or process of reviving someone from unconsciousness or apparent death. "paramedics were called and aggressive resuscitation was performed" the action of making something active or vigorous again. "resuscitation of bygone artistic styles" --- sleuth /sluːθ/ Learn to pronounce INFORMAL noun noun: sleuth; plural noun: sleuths a detective. "they make MI5 look like a bunch of amateur sleuths" Similar: private detective detective private investigator investigator enquiry agent private eye PI snoop sleuth-hound private dick dick peeper shamus gumshoe hawkshaw sherlock Pinkerton verb verb: sleuth; 3rd person present: sleuths; past tense: sleuthed; past participle: sleuthed; gerund or present participle: sleuthing carry out a search or investigation in the manner of a detective. "scientists began their genetic sleuthing for honey mushrooms four years ago" DATED investigate (someone or something). "I am not sleuthing you" Origin --- swivel /ˈswɪv(ə)l/ Learn to pronounce verb gerund or present participle: swiveling turn around a point or axis or on a swivel. "he swivelled in the chair" Similar: turn spin swing rotate revolve pivot twirl whirl wheel gyrate pirouette Origin Middle English, from the base of Old English swīfan ‘to move (along a course), sweep’. --- ravishing /ˈravɪʃɪŋ/ Learn to pronounce adjective delightful; entrancing. "she looked ravishing" Similar: very beautiful gorgeous stunning wonderful exquisite lovely --- levity /ˈlɛvɪti/ Learn to pronounce noun the treatment of a serious matter with humour or lack of due respect. "as an attempt to introduce a note of levity, the words were a disastrous flop" Similar: light-heartedness carefreeness light-mindedness high spirits vivacity --- slobber /ˈslɒbə/ verb: slobber; 3rd person present: slobbers; past tense: slobbered; past participle: slobbered; gerund or present participle: slobbering have saliva dripping copiously from the mouth. "Fido tended to slobber" Similar: drool slaver dribble salivate water at the mouth slabber drivel show excessive enthusiasm for. "news executives slobbered over him for autographs" (noun) saliva dripping copiously from the mouth. "slobber hung in frothy ropes from the dog's mouth" --- repertoire /ˈrɛpətwɑː/ Learn to pronounce noun a stock of plays, dances, or items that a company or a performer knows or is prepared to perform. Similar: collection stock range repertory reserve store repository supply stockpile the whole body of items which are regularly performed. "the mainstream concert repertoire" a stock of skills or types of behaviour that a person habitually uses. "his repertoire of denigratory gestures" --- chickenyard pecan misery predilection recreation -- bevy /ˈbɛvi/ Learn to pronounce noun 1. a large group of people or things of a particular kind. "a bevy of big-name cameos will keep the adults entertained" Similar: group gang troop troupe party company band body crowd pack army herd flock drove horde galaxy assemblage gathering knot cluster covey bunch gaggle posse crew 2. RARE a group of roe deer, quails, or larks. "a bevy of larks trill their carefree songs" -- bafflegab /ˈbaf(ə)lɡab/ nounINFORMAL•NORTH AMERICAN noun: bafflegab incomprehensible or pretentious verbiage, especially bureaucratic jargon. "the smooth chairman who had elevated bafflegab to an art form" -- finch /fɪn(t)ʃ/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: finch; plural noun: finches a seed-eating songbird that typically has a stout bill and colourful plumage. Origin -- wallop /ˈwɒləp/ Learn to pronounce INFORMAL verb verb: wallop; 3rd person present: wallops; past tense: walloped; past participle: walloped; gerund or present participle: walloping strike or hit very hard. "they walloped the back of his head with a stick" Similar: hit strike beat batter thump pound attack assault knock rap smack thwack slap pummel punch rain blows on belabour hammer cudgel thrash bang drub welt cuff crack buffet box someone's ears bash clobber clout clip whack belt tan biff bop lay into pitch into lace into let someone have it sock lam whomp stick one on slosh boff bust slug light into whale dong quilt smite swinge heavily defeat (an opponent). "we were walloped by Milan" noun noun: wallop; plural noun: wallops 1. a heavy blow or punch. "I gave it a wallop with my boot" NORTH AMERICAN a powerful effect. "the script packs a wallop" 2. BRITISH alcoholic drink, especially beer. "an endless supply of free wallop" Origin -- parenthetical /ˌpar(ə)nˈθɛtɪk(ə)l/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: parenthetical relating to or inserted as a parenthesis. "parenthetical remarks" Similar: incidental supplementary by-the-way by-the-by in parentheses parenthetic in brackets explanatory qualifying inserted interposed extraneous Origin -- caper1 /ˈkeɪpə/ Learn to pronounce verb verb: caper; 3rd person present: capers; past tense: capered; past participle: capered; gerund or present participle: capering skip or dance about in a lively or playful way. "children were capering about the room" Similar: skip dance romp jig frisk gambol cavort prance frolic leap hop jump bound spring curvet rollick capriole noun noun: caper; plural noun: capers 1. a playful skipping movement. "she did a little caper or dance" Similar: dance skip hop leap jump curvet gambado gambade 2. INFORMAL an illicit or ridiculous activity or escapade. "I'm too old for this kind of caper" Similar: escapade stunt prank trick practical joke antics high jinks mischief game sport fun jest jesting jape shenanigans lark skylarking monkey tricks monkey business dido a light-hearted, far-fetched film, especially about crime. "a cop caper about intergalactic drug dealers" Phrases cut a caper — make a playful skipping movement. "he cut a little caper as he walked along the corridor" Origin late 16th century: abbreviation of capriole. caper2 /ˈkeɪpə/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: caper; plural noun: capers 1. the cooked and pickled flower bud of a prickly southern European shrub, used to flavour food. "add capers and olives" 2. the shrub from which capers are taken. Origin -- rubberneck /ˈrʌbənɛk/ Learn to pronounce INFORMAL verb verb: rubberneck; 3rd person present: rubbernecks; past tense: rubbernecked; past participle: rubbernecked; gerund or present participle: rubbernecking turn one's head to stare at something in a foolish manner. "a passer-by rubbernecking at the accident scene" noun noun: rubberneck; plural noun: rubbernecks a person who rubbernecks. -- reprieve /rɪˈpriːv/ Learn to pronounce verb verb: reprieve; 3rd person present: reprieves; past tense: reprieved; past participle: reprieved; gerund or present participle: reprieving cancel or postpone the punishment of (someone, especially someone condemned to death). "under the new regime, prisoners under sentence of death were reprieved" Similar: grant a stay of execution to pardon spare acquit grant an amnesty to amnesty let off let off the hook respite Opposite: charge punish abandon or postpone plans to close or abolish (something). "the threatened pits could be reprieved" Similar: save rescue grant a stay of execution to give a respite to take off the hit list noun noun: reprieve; plural noun: reprieves a cancellation or postponement of a punishment. "he accepted the death sentence and refused to appeal for a reprieve" Similar: stay of execution cancellation of punishment postponement of punishment remission suspension of punishment respite pardon amnesty acquittal continuance let-off a cancellation or postponement of an undesirable event. "a mother who faced eviction has been given a reprieve" Origin -- flub /flʌb/ INFORMAL•NORTH AMERICAN verb verb: flub; 3rd person present: flubs; past tense: flubbed; past participle: flubbed; gerund or present participle: flubbing botch or bungle (something). "she glanced at her notes and flubbed her lines" noun noun: flub; plural noun: flubs a thing badly or clumsily done; a blunder. "the textbooks are littered with flubs" Origin 1920s: of unknown origin. -- mea culpa /ˌmeɪə ˈkʊlpə,ˌmiːə ˈkʌlpə/ exclamation noun: mea culpa; plural noun: mea culpas used as an acknowledgement of one's fault or error. "‘Well, whose fault was that?’ ‘Mea culpa!’ Frank said" -- deference /ˈdɛf(ə)r(ə)ns/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: deference polite submission and respect. "he addressed her with the deference due to age" Similar: respect respectfulness regard esteem consideration -- nebulous /ˈnɛbjʊləs/ Learn to pronounce adjective 1. in the form of a cloud or haze; hazy. "a giant nebulous glow" Similar: indistinct indefinite unclear vague hazy cloudy fuzzy misty lacking definition blurred blurry out of focus foggy faint shadowy dim obscure shapeless formless unformed amorphous nebulose Opposite: clear 2. (of a concept) vague or ill-defined. "nebulous concepts like quality of life" Similar: vague ill-defined unclear hazy uncertain indefinite indeterminate --- canary /kəˈnɛːri/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: canary; plural noun: canaries; noun: island canary; plural noun: island canaries; noun: canary yellow; plural noun: canary yellows; noun: canary wine; plural noun: canary wines 1. a mainly African finch with a melodious song, typically having yellowish-green plumage. One kind is popular as a cage bird and has been bred in a variety of colours, especially bright yellow. 2. a bright yellow colour resembling the plumage of a canary. "villas painted in canary yellow" 3. HISTORICAL a sweet wine from the Canary Islands, similar to Madeira. Phrases canary in the coal mine — an early indicator of potential danger or failure. "native brook trout are very much the canary in the coal mine for the health of a stream" --- owda (da: dadaji wala) Uska --- thodi (di: as in P Diddy) aapki --- pupil dilation: pupils staying open --- (as) tough as nails phrase of nail (of a person) very strong and resilient in the face of hardship or pain. "a leader who is as tough as nails" --- inchoate /ɪnˈkəʊeɪt,ˈɪnkəʊeɪt,ɪnˈkəʊət/ adjective adjective: inchoate 1. just begun and so not fully formed or developed; rudimentary. "a still inchoate democracy" confused or incoherent. "inchoate proletarian protest" 2. LAW (of an offence, such as incitement or conspiracy) anticipating or preparatory to a further criminal act. Origin --- dreaded /ˈdrɛdɪd/ Learn to pronounce adjective regarded with great fear or apprehension. "the dreaded news came that Joe had been wounded" -- preamble /priːˈamb(ə)l,ˈpriːamb(ə)l/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: preamble; plural noun: preambles a preliminary or preparatory statement; an introduction. "he could tell that what she said was by way of a preamble" LAW the introductory part of a statute or deed, stating its purpose, aims, and justification. Similar: introduction preliminaries preface lead-in overture prologue foreword prelude front matter forward matter intro prelims proem prolegomenon exordium prolusion prodrome Origin late Middle English: from Old French preambule, from medieval Latin praeambulum, from late Latin praeambulus ‘going before’. -- impertinent /ɪmˈpəːtɪnənt/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: impertinent 1. not showing proper respect; rude. "an impertinent question" Similar: rude insolent impolite unmannerly ill-mannered bad-mannered uncivil discourteous disrespectful impudent cheeky audacious bold brazen brash shameless presumptuous forward pert tactless undiplomatic unsubtle personal brass-necked fresh flip saucy sassy nervy malapert contumelious mannerless Opposite: polite 2. FORMAL not pertinent to a particular matter; irrelevant. "talk of ‘rhetoric’ and ‘strategy’ is impertinent to this process" Similar: irrelevant inapplicable inapposite inappropriate immaterial unrelated unconnected not germane beside the point out of place nothing to do with it neither here nor there Opposite: relevant pertinent Origin -- leper /ˈlɛpə/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: leper; plural noun: lepers a person suffering from leprosy. a person who is shunned or rejected by others for moral or social reasons. "the story made her out to be a social leper" Similar: outcast social outcast pariah untouchable undesirable exile reject non-person unperson persona non grata Origin late Middle English: probably from an attributive use of leper ‘leprosy’, from Old French lepre, via Latin from Greek lepra, feminine of lepros ‘scaly’, from lepos, lepis ‘scale’. -- magpie /ˈmaɡpʌɪ/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: magpie; plural noun: magpies; noun: black-billed magpie; plural noun: black-billed magpies; noun: bell magpie; plural noun: bell magpies; noun: Australian magpie; plural noun: Australian magpies; noun: black-backed magpie; plural noun: black-backed magpies 1. a long-tailed crow with boldly marked (or green) plumage and a noisy call. 2. any bird of the Australasian butcher-bird family, having black-and-white plumage and musical calls. 3. used figuratively to refer to a person who obsessively collects things or who chatters idly. "his father was a garrulous old man who chattered like a magpie" 4. the division of a circular target next to the outer one, or a shot which strikes this. Origin -- faraway /ˈfɑːrəweɪ,fɑːrəˈweɪ/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: faraway; adjective: far-away distant in space or time. "exotic and faraway locations" Similar: distant far off far remote out of the way far flung far removed outlying obscure isolated secluded cut off off the beaten track in the back of beyond in the middle of nowhere Opposite: nearby neighbouring seeming remote from one's immediate surroundings. "she had a faraway look in her eyes" Similar: dreamy daydreaming abstracted absent-minded distracted preoccupied -- derelict /ˈdɛrəlɪkt/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: derelict 1. in a very poor condition as a result of disuse and neglect. "a derelict Georgian mansion" Similar: unsafe dangerous hazardous perilous precarious insecure treacherous dilapidated ramshackle run down broken-down worn out tumbledown in (a state of) disrepair in ruins ruined falling to pieces falling apart rickety creaky creaking decrepit deteriorating crumbling deteriorated neglected untended unmaintained gone to rack and ruin gone to seed on its last legs the worse for wear unhealthy contaminated unsound infected blighted unwholesome septic rotten bad disused abandoned deserted discarded rejected forsaken cast off relinquished ownerless Opposite: safe in good repair wholesome in use 2. NORTH AMERICAN shamefully negligent of one's duties or obligations. "he was derelict in his duty to his country" Similar: negligent neglectful remiss lax careless sloppy slipshod slack irresponsible delinquent Opposite: dutiful punctilious noun noun: derelict; plural noun: derelicts 1. a person without a home, job, or property. "derelicts who could fit all their possessions in a paper bag" Similar: tramp vagrant vagabond down and out homeless person drifter knight of the road beggar mendicant outcast pariah ne'er do well good-for-nothing wastrel streety dosser bag lady hobo bum derro 2. a ship or other piece of property abandoned by the owner and in poor condition. "she had been a derelict recommissioned for this journey" Origin -- rheumy /ˈruːmi/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: rheumy; comparative adjective: rheumier; superlative adjective: rheumiest (especially of the eyes) full of rheum; watery. "she was small and wizened, with rheumy eyes and bad teeth" -- spurge /spəːdʒ/ noun noun: spurge; plural noun: spurges a herbaceous plant or shrub with milky latex and very small, typically greenish, flowers. Many kinds are cultivated as ornamentals and some are of commercial importance. Origin late Middle English: shortening of Old French espurge, from espurgier, from Latin expurgare ‘cleanse’ (because of the purgative properties of the milky latex). -- concede /kənˈsiːd/ Learn to pronounce verb verb: concede; 3rd person present: concedes; past tense: conceded; past participle: conceded; gerund or present participle: conceding 1. admit or agree that something is true after first denying or resisting it. "I had to concede that I'd overreacted" Similar: admit acknowledge accept allow grant recognize own confess agree take on board Opposite: deny admit (defeat) in a match or contest. "reluctantly, Ellen conceded defeat" Similar: capitulate give in surrender yield give up the struggle cave in submit raise/show the white flag lay down one's arms back down climb down throw in the towel throw in the sponge admit defeat in (a match or contest). "they conceded the match to their opponents" 2. surrender or yield (a possession, right, or privilege). "in 475 the emperor conceded the Auvergne to Euric" Similar: surrender yield give up relinquish cede hand over turn over part with deliver up forfeit sacrifice Opposite: retain gain grant (a right, privilege, or demand). "their rights to redress of grievances were conceded once more" (in sport) fail to prevent an opponent scoring (a goal or point). "they have conceded only one goal in seven matches" allow (a lead or advantage) to slip. "he took an early lead which he never conceded" Origin -- callous /ˈkaləs/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: callous showing or having an insensitive and cruel disregard for others. "his callous comments about the murder made me shiver" Similar: heartless unfeeling uncaring cold cold-hearted hard as hard as nails hard-hearted with a heart of stone stony-hearted insensitive lacking compassion hard-bitten cold-blooded hardened case-hardened harsh cruel ruthless brutal unsympathetic uncharitable indifferent unconcerned unsusceptible insensible bloodless soulless hard-boiled indurate indurated marble-hearted Opposite: kind compassionate noun noun: callous; plural noun: callouses variant spelling of callus. Origin late Middle English (in the Latin sense): from Latin callosus ‘hard-skinned’. callus /ˈkaləs/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: callous a thickened and hardened part of the skin or soft tissue, especially in an area that has been subjected to friction. MEDICINE the bony healing tissue which forms around the ends of broken bone. BOTANY a hard formation of tissue, especially new tissue formed over a wound. "the exposed surface will quickly form healing callus" Origin -- give someone the benefit of the doubt. to decide that you will believe someone, even though you are not sure that what the person is saying is true: She said she was late because her flight was canceled, and we gave her the benefit of the doubt. -- triangulate Learn to pronounce verb /trʌɪˈaŋɡjʊleɪt/ 1. divide (an area) into triangles for surveying purposes. 2. form into a triangle or triangles. "the brackets triangulate the frame" -- embargo /ɛmˈbɑːɡəʊ,ɪmˈbɑːɡəʊ/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: embargo; plural noun: embargoes 1. an official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country. "an embargo on grain sales" an official ban on any activity. "there is a complete embargo on taking photographs in court" Similar: ban bar prohibition stoppage interdict proscription veto moratorium restriction restraint blockage check barrier impediment obstruction hindrance boycott 2. HISTORICAL an order of a state forbidding foreign ships to enter, or any ships to leave, its ports. "an embargo laid by our Emperor upon all vessels whatsoever" verb verb: embargo; 3rd person present: embargoes; past tense: embargoed; past participle: embargoed; gerund or present participle: embargoing 1. impose an official ban on (trade or a country or commodity). "all of these countries have been embargoed by the US" officially ban the publication of. "documents of national security importance are routinely embargoed" Similar: ban bar prohibit stop interdict debar proscribe outlaw make illegal restrict restrain block check impede obstruct hinder boycott blacklist ostracize Opposite: allow 2. ARCHAIC seize (a ship or goods) for state service. "they must embargo means of transport" Origin -- myopic /mʌɪˈɒpɪk/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: myopic short-sighted. "most myopic children can be fitted with glasses to correct their vision" Similar: short-sighted nearsighted as blind as a bat purblind Opposite: long-sighted lacking foresight or intellectual insight. "the government still has a myopic attitude to public spending" Similar: unimaginative uncreative unadventurous narrow-minded lacking foresight small-minded short-term narrow insular parochial provincial Opposite: far-sighted -- divulge /dʌɪˈvʌldʒ,dɪˈvʌldʒ/ Learn to pronounce verb gerund or present participle: divulging make known (private or sensitive information). "I do not want to divulge my plans at the moment" Similar: disclose reveal make known tell impart communicate pass on publish broadcast proclaim promulgate declare expose uncover make public go public with bring into the open give away let slip let drop blurt out leak confess betray admit come out with spill the beans about let on about tell all about blow the lid off squeal about blow the gaff on discover unbosom Opposite: conceal Origin -- nuance /ˈnjuːɑːns/ Learn to pronounce noun a subtle difference in or shade of meaning, expression, or sound. "he was familiar with the nuances of the local dialect" Similar: fine distinction subtle distinction/difference shade shading gradation variation modulation degree subtlety nicety refinement overtone verb give nuances to. "the effect of the music is nuanced by the social situation of listeners" -- incur /ɪnˈkəː/ Learn to pronounce verb verb: incur; 3rd person present: incurs; past tense: incurred; past participle: incurred; gerund or present participle: incurring become subject to (something unwelcome or unpleasant) as a result of one's own behaviour or actions. "I will pay any expenses incurred" Similar: suffer sustain experience bring upon oneself expose oneself to lay oneself open to run up collect attract invite provoke earn arouse induce cause give rise to bring on be liable/subject to meet with draw Opposite: avoid Origin -- Cuba Country in the Caribbean Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean meet. President: Miguel Díaz-Canel Capital: Havana Cuba travel guide 3-star hotel averaging ₹4,328, 5-star averaging ₹12,804 Currencies: Cuban convertible peso, Cuban peso --- Spat: spit1 /spɪt/ Learn to pronounce verb verb: spit; 3rd person present: spits; past tense: spat; past participle: spat; gerund or present participle: spitting 1. eject saliva forcibly from one's mouth, sometimes as a gesture of contempt or anger. "Todd spat in Hugh's face" Similar: expectorate hawk gob hoick forcibly eject (food or liquid) from one's mouth. "the baby spat out its porridge" NORTH AMERICAN (especially of a baby) vomit or regurgitate food. "their infants fretted, mewled, and spat up over their jeans" utter in a hostile or aggressive way. "she spat abuse at the jury" Similar: snap say angrily hiss rasp splutter be extremely angry or frustrated. "he was spitting with sudden fury" INFORMAL perform rap music. (of a fire or something being cooked) emit small bursts of sparks or hot fat with a series of short, explosive noises. "the bonfire crackled and spat" Similar: sizzle hiss crackle sputter frizzle fizz (of a cat) make a hissing noise as a sign of anger or hostility. "the cat arched his back and spat at her" 2. BRITISH light rain falls. "it began to spit" Similar: rain lightly drizzle spot mizzle sprinkle noun noun: spit 1. saliva, typically that which has been ejected from a person's mouth. Similar: spittle saliva sputum slaver slobber dribble drool phlegm gob 2. an act of spitting. Phrases be the spit of look exactly like. "Felix is the spit of Rosa's brother" spit-and-sawdust used to describe an old-fashioned or simple pub or bar, of a type whose floor was originally covered with sawdust. spit blood be very angry. spit chips be very angry or frustrated. "she will spit chips when she finds out what he has been up to" spit the dummy behave in a bad-tempered or petulant way. spit feathers be very thirsty. spit in the eye of show contempt or scorn for. spit in the wind do something futile or pointless. spit it out used to urge someone to say or confess something quickly. "spit it out, man, I haven't got all day" Origin Old English spittan, of imitative origin. spit2 /spɪt/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: spit; plural noun: spits 1. a long, thin metal rod pushed through meat in order to hold and turn it while it is roasted over an open fire. "chicken cooked on a spit" Similar: skewer brochette rotisserie broach 2. a narrow point of land projecting into the sea. "a narrow spit of land shelters the bay" verb verb: spit; 3rd person present: spits; past tense: spitted; past participle: spitted; gerund or present participle: spitting put a spit through (meat) in order to roast it over an open fire. "he spitted the rabbit and cooked it" Origin Old English spitu, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch spit and German Spiess . spit3 /spɪt/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: spit; plural noun: spit; plural noun: spits a layer of earth whose depth is equal to the length of the blade of a spade. "break up the top spit with a fork" Origin early 16th century: from Middle Dutch and Middle Low German; probably related to spit2. --- stifle1 /ˈstʌɪf(ə)l/ Learn to pronounce verb verb: stifle; 3rd person present: stifles; past tense: stifled; past participle: stifled; gerund or present participle: stifling 1. make (someone) unable to breathe properly; suffocate. "those in the streets were stifled by the fumes" Similar: suffocate choke asphyxiate smother very hot sweltering airless suffocating oppressive humid close muggy sticky soupy claggy boiling Opposite: cold chilly 2. restrain (a reaction) or stop oneself acting on (an emotion). "she stifled a giggle" Similar: suppress smother restrain keep back hold back hold in fight back choke back gulp back withhold check keep in check swallow muffle quench curb silence contain bottle up bite one's lip cork up Opposite: let out prevent or constrain (an activity or idea). "high taxes were stifling private enterprise" Similar: constrain hinder hamper impede hold back curb check restrain prevent inhibit put an end/stop to stop quash squash stamp out destroy crush extinguish deaden damp down subdue suppress repress silence muffle mute gag Opposite: encourage Origin late Middle English: perhaps from a frequentative of Old French estouffer ‘smother, stifle’. stifle2 /ˈstʌɪf(ə)l/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: stifle; plural noun: stifles; noun: stifle joint; plural noun: stifle joints a joint in the legs of horses, dogs, and other animals, equivalent to the knee in humans. Origin Middle English: of unknown origin. --- numbskull /ˈnʌmskʌl/ Learn to pronounce nounINFORMAL plural noun: numbskulls a stupid or foolish person. Similar: idiot fool ass halfwit nincompoop dunce dolt --- archetype /ˈɑːkɪtʌɪp/ Learn to pronounce noun plural noun: archetypes 1. a very typical example of a certain person or thing. "he was the archetype of the old-style football club chairman" 2. PSYCHOANALYSIS (in Jungian theory) a primitive mental image inherited from the earliest human ancestors, and supposed to be present in the collective unconscious. --- unto /ˈʌntʊ/ Learn to pronounce preposition preposition: unto 1. archaic term for to. "do unto others as you would have them do unto you" 2. archaic term for until. "marriage was forever—unto death" Origin --- ferocious /fəˈrəʊʃəs/ Learn to pronounce adjective savagely fierce, cruel, or violent. "a ferocious beast" Similar: fierce savage wild feral untamed predatory rapacious ravening aggressive dangerous brutal brutish vicious violent bloody barbarous barbaric sadistic ruthless remorseless cruel pitiless merciless heartless bloodthirsty murderous tigerish wolfish wicked inhuman monstrous abominable fiendish hellish diabolical beastly fell sanguinary Opposite: tame gentle INFORMAL very great; extreme. "a ferocious headache" Similar: intense extreme strong powerful fierce burning --- shoal1 /ʃəʊl/ Learn to pronounce noun plural noun: shoals a large number of fish swimming together. "a shoal of bream" INFORMAL•BRITISH a large number of people or things. "shoals of people were coming up the drive" verb 3rd person present: shoals (of fish) form shoals. "these fish can safely be released to shoal with most adult species" Origin late 16th century: probably from Middle Dutch schōle ‘troop’. Compare with school2. shoal2 /ʃəʊl/ Learn to pronounce noun plural noun: shoals an area of shallow water. "we clawed our way out from the Bahamian shoals into the deep waters of the Atlantic" a submerged sandbank visible at low water. Similar: sandbank bank mudbank bar sandbar tombolo shallow shelf sands cay a hidden danger or difficulty. "he alone could safely guide them through Hollywood's treacherous shoals" verb 3rd person present: shoals (of water) become shallower. "the water shoals reasonably gently, and the swimming is safe" Origin Old English sceald (adjective), of Germanic origin; related to shallow. --- tack1 /tak/ Learn to pronounce verb gerund or present participle: tacking 1. fasten or fix in place with tacks. "he used the tool to tack down sheets of fibreboard" Similar: pin nail staple fix fasten attach secure affix put up put down fasten (pieces of cloth) together temporarily with long stitches. "when the dress was roughly tacked together, she tried it on" Similar: stitch baste sew bind hem add or append something to something already existing. "the castles have new wings and other bits tacked on" Similar: attach add append join tag annex 2. SAILING change course by turning a boat's head into and through the wind. "their boat was now downwind and they had to tack" alter the course of (a boat) by tacking. "I tacked the ship shortly after midnight" make a series of changes of course while sailing. "but what happens when you have to tack up a narrow channel singlehanded?" Similar: change course change direction change heading swerve zigzag veer off/away go about come about beat sail into the wind Origin Middle English (in the general sense ‘something that fastens one thing to another’): probably related to Old French tache ‘clasp, large nail’. --- squall /skwɔːl/ Learn to pronounce noun plural noun: squalls 1. a sudden violent gust of wind or localized storm, especially one bringing rain, snow, or sleet. "low clouds and squalls of driving rain" Similar: gust storm blast flurry shower gale blow rush puff scud windstorm thunderstorm 2. a loud cry. "he emitted a short mournful squall" verb 3rd person present: squalls (of a baby or small child) cry noisily and continuously. "Sarah was squalling in her crib" Origin mid 17th century: probably an alteration of squeal, influenced by bawl. --- glower /ˈɡlaʊə/ Learn to pronounce verb gerund or present participle: glowering have an angry or sullen look on one's face; scowl. "she glowered at him suspiciously" Similar: scowl glare stare angrily look daggers frown lour give a someone black look pull a face give someone a dirty look give someone a death stare glout glunch Opposite: smile grin Origin --- irascible /ɪˈrasɪb(ə)l/ Learn to pronounce adjective having or showing a tendency to be easily angered. "an irascible and difficult man" Similar: irritable quick-tempered short-tempered bad-tempered --- pandemonium /ˌpandɪˈməʊnɪəm/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: pandemonium wild and noisy disorder or confusion; uproar. "there was complete pandemonium—everyone just panicked" Similar: bedlam chaos mayhem uproar madness havoc turmoil tumult commotion confusion disorder anarchy furore frenzy clamour din hubbub hue and cry babel rumpus fracas hurly-burly maelstrom bangarang hullabaloo all hell breaking loose madhouse Opposite: silence peace Origin -- besieged /bɪˈsiːdʒd/ adjective (of a place) surrounded by armed forces aiming to capture it or force surrender. "the besieged city" besiege /bɪˈsiːdʒ/ verb past tense: besieged; past participle: besieged surround (a place) with armed forces in order to capture it or force its surrender. "the king marched north to besiege Berwick" Similar: lay siege to beleaguer blockade surround shut off block off invest surround and harass. "she spent the whole day besieged by newsmen" Similar: surround mob crowd round swarm round throng round ring round encircle hem in shut in set upon fall upon oppress torment torture rack plague afflict harrow beset beleaguer trouble bedevil cause suffering to prey on weigh heavily on lie heavy on gnaw at nag at haunt be inundated by large numbers of requests or complaints. "the television station was besieged with calls" Similar: overwhelm inundate deluge flood swamp snow under bombard -- eschew /ɪsˈtʃuː,ɛsˈtʃuː/ Learn to pronounce verb past tense: eschewed; past participle: eschewed deliberately avoid using; abstain from. "he appealed to the crowd to eschew violence" Similar: abstain from refrain from give up forgo forswear shun renounce swear off abjure steer clear of have nothing to do with give a wide berth to fight shy of relinquish reject dispense with disavow abandon deny gainsay disclaim repudiate renege on spurn abnegate abdicate wash one's hands of drop kick jack in pack in disaffirm forsake Opposite: indulge in Origin -- divvy1 /ˈdɪvi/ Learn to pronounce INFORMAL verb verb: divvy; 3rd person present: divvies; past tense: divvied; past participle: divvied; gerund or present participle: divvying share out. "they divvied up the proceeds" nounBRITISH noun: divvy; plural noun: divvies; noun: divi; plural noun: divis a dividend or share, especially of profits earned by a cooperative. "the divvy is being held at 8.8p" Origin late 19th century: abbreviation of dividend. divvy2 /ˈdɪvi/ Learn to pronounce INFORMAL•BRITISH noun noun: divvy; plural noun: divvies a foolish or stupid person. adjective adjective: divvy foolish; stupid. Origin 1970s: of unknown origin. -- disparage /dɪˈsparɪdʒ/ Learn to pronounce verb past tense: disparaged; past participle: disparaged regard or represent as being of little worth. "he never missed an opportunity to disparage his competitors" Similar: belittle denigrate deprecate depreciate downgrade play down deflate trivialize minimize make light of treat lightly undervalue underrate underestimate disdain dismiss ridicule deride mock scorn pour scorn on scoff at sneer at laugh at laugh off run down defame decry discredit slander libel malign speak ill of speak badly of cast aspersions on impugn vilify traduce revile criticize condemn slur do down do a hatchet job on take to pieces pull apart pull to pieces pick holes in drag through the mud hit out at knock slam pan bash bad-mouth pooh-pooh look down one's nose at rubbish slate slag off have a go at cry down hold cheap misprize minify asperse derogate calumniate vilipend vituperate derogatory deprecating deprecatory denigratory belittling slighting insulting abusive critical scathing negative unfavourable uncomplimentary uncharitable unsympathetic contemptuous scornful snide derisive disdainful sneering bitchy catty contumelious Opposite: praise overrate complimentary Origin -- by-law /ˈbʌɪlɔː/ noun plural noun: bylaws 1. BRITISH a regulation made by a local authority or corporation. 2. a rule made by a company or society to control the actions of its members. Similar: local law regulation rule Origin Middle English: probably from obsolete byrlaw ‘local law or custom’, from Old Norse býjar, genitive singular of býr ‘town’, but associated with by. -- mooring /ˈmɔːrɪŋ,ˈmʊərɪŋ/ Learn to pronounce noun plural noun: moorings a place where a boat or ship is moored. "they tied up at Water Gypsy's permanent moorings" the ropes, chains, or anchors by or to which a boat, ship, or buoy is moored. "the great ship slipped her moorings and slid out into the Atlantic" -- pugilist /ˈpjuːdʒɪlɪst/ Learn to pronounce nounDATED•HUMOROUS noun: pugilist; plural noun: pugilists a boxer, especially a professional one. Similar: boxer fighter prize fighter sparring partner bruiser pug ringster Origin -- disabuse /ˌdɪsəˈbjuːz/ Learn to pronounce verb verb: disabuse; 3rd person present: disabuses; past tense: disabused; past participle: disabused; gerund or present participle: disabusing persuade (someone) that an idea or belief is mistaken. "he quickly disabused me of my fanciful notions" Similar: disillusion undeceive correct set right/straight open the eyes of -- Like the great ear-biting pugilist Mike Tyson once said, “Everybody has a plan until they get punched in the mouth.” -- panache /pəˈnaʃ/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: panache 1. flamboyant confidence of style or manner. "he entertained London society with great panache" Similar: flamboyant confidence flamboyance confidence self-assurance style stylishness flair elan dash flourish verve zest spirit brio éclat vivacity vigour gusto animation liveliness vitality enthusiasm energy pizzazz oomph zip zing 2. HISTORICAL a tuft or plume of feathers, especially as a headdress or on a helmet. Origin mid 16th century: from French, from Italian pennacchio, from late Latin pinnaculum, diminutive of pinna ‘feather’. -- flamboyance /flamˈbɔɪəns/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: flamboyance; plural noun: flamboyances the tendency to attract attention because of one's exuberance, confidence, and stylishness. "he had a reputation for flair and flamboyance" the quality of being bright, colourful, and very noticeable. "the stunning tones give the show a lot of visual flamboyance" -- umbrage /ˈʌmbrɪdʒ/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: umbrage 1. offence or annoyance. "she took umbrage at his remarks" Similar: take offence be offended take exception bridle take something personally be aggrieved be affronted take something amiss be upset be annoyed be angry be indignant get one's hackles up be put out be insulted be hurt be wounded be piqued be resentful be disgruntled get/go into a huff get huffy be miffed be riled get the hump 2. ARCHAIC shade or shadow, especially as cast by trees. Origin -- wobbly /ˈwɒbli/ Learn to pronounce adjective tending to move unsteadily from side to side. "the car had a wobbly wheel" Similar: unsteady unstable shaky rocky rickety flimsy frail spindly unsafe precarious insecure uneven unbalanced teetery wonky dicky Opposite: stable steady nounINFORMAL•BRITISH a fit of temper or panic. "my daughter threw a wobbly when I wouldn't let her play" -- credo /ˈkriːdəʊ,ˈkreɪdəʊ/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: credo; plural noun: credos a statement of the beliefs or aims which guide someone's actions. "he announced his credo in his first editorial" a creed of the Christian Church in Latin. noun: Credo; plural noun: Credos a musical setting of the Nicene Creed, typically as part of a mass. noun: Credo "the Credo of Bach's B minor Mass" Origin -- yank /jaŋk/ Learn to pronounce INFORMAL verb verb: yank; 3rd person present: yanks; past tense: yanked; past participle: yanked; gerund or present participle: yanking pull with a jerk. "her hair was yanked, and she screamed" Similar: jerk pull tug wrench heave haul drag tweak twitch pluck snatch seize rip tear whisk jolt force whip noun noun: yank; plural noun: yanks a sudden hard pull. "one of the other girls gave her ponytail a yank" Similar: jerk pull tug jolt wrench heave tweak twitch Origin late 18th century (as a Scots word in the sense ‘sudden sharp blow’): of unknown origin. Yank /jaŋk/ noun 1. INFORMAL•DEROGATORY an American. 2. INFORMAL•US another term for Yankee (sense 2). -- klutz /klʌts/ noun INFORMAL•NORTH AMERICAN a clumsy, awkward, or foolish person. Similar: oaf ape blunderer bungler hulk butterfingers clodhopper clot -- succinct /səkˈsɪŋ(k)t/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: succinct (especially of something written or spoken) briefly and clearly expressed. "use short, succinct sentences" Similar: concise short brief compact condensed crisp laconic terse tight to the point economic pithy thumbnail summary short and sweet in a few well-chosen words compendious epigrammatic synoptic aphoristic gnomic Opposite: lengthy long-winded verbose Origin late Middle English (in the sense ‘encircled’): from Latin succinctus ‘tucked up’, past participle of succingere, from sub- ‘from below’ + cingere ‘gird’. --- fait accompli /ˌfeɪt əˈkɒmpli,French fɛt akɔ̃pli/ noun noun: fait accompli; plural noun: faits accomplis a thing that has already happened or been decided before those affected hear about it, leaving them with no option but to accept it. "the results were presented to shareholders as a fait accompli" Origin mid 19th century: from French, literally ‘accomplished fact’. -- extenuating /ɪkˈstɛnjʊeɪtɪŋ/ Learn to pronounce adjective gerund or present participle: extenuating (of a factor or situation) serving to lessen the seriousness of an offence. "library staff will waive fines where there are genuine extenuating circumstances" Origin early 17th century (with the meaning ‘causing to become thin’): from extenuate. extenuate /ɪkˈstɛnjʊeɪt,ɛkˈstɛnjʊeɪt/ Learn to pronounce verb gerund or present participle: extenuating 1. cause (an offence) to seem less serious. "even the fact that you once helped to save my life could not extenuate your offence" Similar: excuse mitigate palliate make allowances for make excuses for defend vindicate justify explain explain away give an explanation for make a case for diminish lessen moderate qualify soften play down reduce temper weaken mitigating excusing exonerative palliating palliative justifying justificatory vindicating exculpatory moderating qualifying softening tempering diminishing lessening Opposite: aggravate aggravating 2. LITERARY make (someone) thin. "his whole frame was extenuated by hunger and fatigue" Origin late Middle English (in the sense ‘make thin’): from Latin extenuat- ‘made thin’, from the verb extenuare (based on tenuis ‘thin’). -- bawling /ˈbɔːlɪŋ/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: bawling weeping or crying noisily. "bawling babies" bawl /bɔːl/ Learn to pronounce verb gerund or present participle: bawling 1. shout or call out noisily and unrestrainedly. "‘Move!’ bawled the drill corporal" Similar: shout call out cry out cry yell roar bellow screech scream shriek howl whoop bark growl snarl bluster vociferate trumpet thunder yammer holler Opposite: whisper 2. weep or cry noisily. "I began to bawl like a child" Similar: cry sob weep shed tears wail blubber snivel whimper whine howl squall blub greet ululate Origin -- bad faith noun noun: bad faith 1. intent to deceive. "frustrated industry representatives accused them of negotiating in bad faith" 2. (in existentialist philosophy) refusal to confront facts or choices. -- clincher /ˈklɪn(t)ʃə/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: clincher; plural noun: clinchers a fact, argument, or event that settles a matter conclusively. "Sixsmith scored the clincher after 81 minutes" -- allay /əˈleɪ/ Learn to pronounce verb verb: allay; 3rd person present: allays; past tense: allayed; past participle: allayed; gerund or present participle: allaying diminish or put at rest (fear, suspicion, or worry). "the report attempted to educate the public and allay fears" Similar: reduce diminish decrease lessen assuage alleviate ease relieve soothe soften take the edge off dull cushion mollify moderate calm lull temper mitigate palliate blunt deaden abate tone down dispel banish dismiss dissipate drive away drive off chase away put to rest quell check eliminate lenify Opposite: increase intensify relieve or alleviate (pain or hunger). "some stale figs partly allayed our hunger" Origin -- ratification /ratɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: ratification; plural noun: ratifications the action of signing or giving formal consent to a treaty, contract, or agreement, making it officially valid. "ratification of the treaty raised problems in several member states" -- denomination /dɪˌnɒmɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. a recognized autonomous branch of the Christian Church. "the Presbyterian community is the second largest denomination in the country" Similar: religious group sect Church cult movement faith community body persuasion religious persuasion communion order fraternity brotherhood sisterhood school faith creed belief religious belief religion sodality 2. the face value of a banknote, coin, or postage stamp. "high-denomination banknotes" Similar: value unit grade size measure -- gusto /ˈɡʌstəʊ/ Learn to pronounce noun 1. enjoyment and enthusiasm in doing something. "Hawkins tucked into his breakfast with gusto" Similar: enthusiasm relish appetite enjoyment delight glee pleasure satisfaction gratification appreciation liking fondness zest zeal fervour verve keenness avidity delectation Opposite: apathy distaste 2. ARCHAIC the style in which a work of art is executed. -- relegate /ˈrɛlɪɡeɪt/ verb assign an inferior rank or position to. "they aim to prevent women from being relegated to a secondary role" Similar: downgrade lower lower in rank/status put down move down consign banish exile demote degrade declass strip someone of their rank reduce to the ranks disrate drum out bust Opposite: upgrade promote BRITISH transfer (a sports team) to a lower division of a league. "United were relegated to division two" -- sabotage /ˈsabətɑːʒ/ Learn to pronounce verb verb: sabotage; 3rd person present: sabotages; past tense: sabotaged; past participle: sabotaged; gerund or present participle: sabotaging deliberately destroy, damage, or obstruct (something), especially for political or military advantage. "power lines from South Africa were sabotaged by rebel forces" Similar: wreck deliberately damage vandalize destroy obstruct disrupt cripple impair incapacitate spoil ruin undermine filibuster damage threaten subvert muller noun noun: sabotage the action of sabotaging something. "a coordinated campaign of sabotage" Similar: wrecking deliberate damage vandalism destruction obstruction disruption crippling impairment incapacitation ecotage spoiling ruining undermining filibustering damage subversion a spanner in the works a monkey wrench in the works Origin early 20th century: from French, from saboter ‘kick with sabots, wilfully destroy’ (see sabot). -- elude /ɪˈl(j)uːd/ verb 3rd person present: eludes 1. escape from or avoid (a danger, enemy, or pursuer), typically in a skilful or cunning way. "he tried to elude the security men by sneaking through a back door" Similar: evade avoid get away from dodge flee escape (from) run (away) from lose duck shake off give the slip to slip away from throw off the scent slip through someone's fingers slip through the net circumvent bilk Opposite: be caught by avoid compliance with (a law or penalty). "we need to ensure that bad cases do not elude tough penalties" 2. (of an achievement or something desired) fail to be attained by (someone). "sleep still eluded her" (of an idea or fact) fail to be understood or remembered by (someone). "the logic of this eluded most people" -- levity [ˈlevədē] NOUN humor or frivolity, especially the treatment of a serious matter with humor or in a manner lacking due respect. "as an attempt to introduce a note of levity, the words were a disastrous flop" synonyms: light-heartedness · carefreeness · light-mindedness · high spirits · vivacity · liveliness · conviviality · cheerfulness · cheeriness · humor · gaiety · fun · jocularity · hilarity · frivolity · frivolousness · amusement · mirth · laughter · merriment · glee · comedy · [more] -- sinew /ˈsɪnjuː/ Learn to pronounce noun a piece of tough fibrous tissue uniting muscle to bone; a tendon or ligament. "the sinews in her neck" verbLITERARY strengthen with or as if with sinews. "the sinewed shape of his back" -- get along phrasal verb of "get" 1. have a harmonious or friendly relationship. "they seem to get along pretty well" 2. manage to live or survive. "don't worry, we'll get along without you" Similar: fare manage progress advance get on do cope survive muddle through/along succeed prosper flourish get by make out INFORMAL•BRITISH used to express scepticism or disbelief or to tell someone to go away. "oh, get along with you!" -- knick-knack /ˈnɪknak/ noun plural noun: knickknacks small worthless objects, especially household ornaments. "the room was filled with tables, knick-knacks, and a large three-piece suite" Similar: ornament novelty gewgaw piece of bric-a-brac bibelot trinket -- good faith noun noun: good faith honesty or sincerity of intention. "the details contained in this brochure have been published in good faith" -- fait accompli /ˌfeɪt əˈkɒmpli,French fɛt akɔ̃pli/ noun noun: fait accompli; plural noun: faits accomplis a thing that has already happened or been decided before those affected hear about it, leaving them with no option but to accept it. "the results were presented to shareholders as a fait accompli" -- sleep tight phrase of sleep sleep well. -- stand one's ground phrase of "ground" 1. not retreat or lose one's advantage in the face of opposition. "you will be able to hold your ground and resist the enemy's attack" Similar: stand firm be firm make a stand be resolute insist be determined show determination hold on hold out be emphatic not take no for an answer brook no refusal stick to one's guns Opposite: give up 2. US•LAW denoting a law or legal principle that permits a person to use deadly force in self-defence without first trying to retreat. --- Definition of iron out. transitive verb. 1 : to make smooth or flat by or as if by pressing. 2 : to resolve or work out a solution to ironed out their differences. -- nicety /ˈnʌɪsɪti/ Learn to pronounce noun plural noun: niceties a fine or subtle detail or distinction. "legal niceties are wasted on him" Similar: fine point subtlety nuance fine distinction shade refinement detail accuracy or precision. "she prided herself on her nicety of pronunciation" Similar: precision accuracy exactness meticulousness rigour rigorousness a detail or aspect of polite social behaviour. "we were brought up to observe the niceties" -- stymie /ˈstʌɪmi/ Learn to pronounce verbINFORMAL past tense: stymied; past participle: stymied prevent or hinder the progress of. "the changes must not be allowed to stymie new medical treatments" Similar: impede interfere with hamper hinder obstruct inhibit frustrate thwart foil spoil stall shackle fetter stop check block cripple handicap scotch put paid to put the kibosh on snooker scupper Opposite: assist help Origin mid 19th century (originally a golfing term, denoting a situation on the green where a ball obstructs the shot of another player): of unknown origin. -- relish /ˈrɛlɪʃ/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: relish; plural noun: relishes 1. great enjoyment. "she swigged a mouthful of wine with relish" liking for or pleasurable anticipation of something. "I was appointed to a post for which I had little relish" Similar: enjoyment gusto delight pleasure glee rapture satisfaction contentment contentedness gratification happiness exhilaration excitement titillation appreciation liking fondness enthusiasm appetite zest delectation Opposite: dislike 2. a piquant sauce or pickle eaten with plain food to add flavour. "use salsa as a relish with grilled meat or fish" Similar: condiment accompaniment sauce dressing flavouring seasoning dip 3. ARCHAIC an appetizing flavour. "the tired glutton finds no relish in the sweetest meat" a distinctive taste or tinge. "the relish of wine" verb verb: relish; 3rd person present: relishes; past tense: relished; past participle: relished; gerund or present participle: relishing 1. enjoy greatly. "he was relishing his moment of glory" Similar: enjoy delight in love like adore be pleased by take pleasure in rejoice in appreciate savour revel in luxuriate in glory in gloat over feel self-satisfied about crow about get a kick out of get a thrill out of Opposite: dislike anticipate with pleasure. "we did not relish the idea of a strike" Similar: look forward to fancy anticipate with pleasure await with pleasure lick one's lips over be unable to wait for count the days until long for hope for Opposite: dread 2. ARCHAIC make pleasant to the taste; add relish to. "I have also a novel to relish my wine" Origin Middle English: alteration of obsolete reles, from Old French reles ‘remainder’, from relaisser ‘to release’. The early noun sense was ‘odour, taste’ giving rise to ‘appetizing flavour, piquant taste’ (mid 17th century), and hence relish (sense 2 of the noun) (late 18th century). -- chasm /ˈkaz(ə)m/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: chasm; plural noun: chasms a deep fissure in the earth's surface. "a chasm a mile long" Similar: gorge abyss canyon ravine gully gulf pass defile couloir crevasse cleft rift rent pit void crater cavity hole opening gap fissure crevice hollow chine bunny clough gill thrutch cleuch heugh gulch coulee flume arroyo barranca quebrada nullah khud sloot kloof donga khor a profound difference between people, viewpoints, feelings, etc. "the chasm between rich and poor" Similar: breach gulf rift division schism split severance rupture break break-up parting of the ways separation disunion estrangement alienation difference dissension discord argument quarrel scission Origin late 16th century (denoting an opening up of the sea or land, as in an earthquake): from Latin chasma, from Greek khasma ‘gaping hollow’. -- surmount /səˈmaʊnt/ Learn to pronounce verb verb: surmount; 3rd person present: surmounts; past tense: surmounted; past participle: surmounted; gerund or present participle: surmounting 1. overcome (a difficulty or obstacle). "all manner of cultural differences were surmounted" Similar: overcome conquer get over prevail over triumph over get the better of beat vanquish master clear cross make one's way round/past/over make it round/past/over pass over be unstoppable by deal with cope with resist endure Opposite: be beaten by 2. stand or be placed on top of. "the tomb was surmounted by a sculptured angel" Similar: cap top crown tip rise above tower above overtop dominate Opposite: be dominated by Origin -- elicit /ɪˈlɪsɪt/ verb past tense: elicited; past participle: elicited evoke or draw out (a reaction, answer, or fact) from someone. "I tried to elicit a smile from Joanna" Similar: obtain bring out draw out extract evoke bring about bring forth induce excite give rise to call forth prompt generate engender spark off trigger kindle extort exact wrest derive provoke wring screw squeeze worm out ARCHAIC draw forth (something that is latent or potential) into existence. "a corrupt heart elicits in an hour all that is bad in us" -- abbot /ˈabət/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: abbot; plural noun: abbots a man who is the head of an abbey of monks. Origin Old English abbod, from ecclesiastical Latin abbas, abbat-, from Greek abbas ‘father’, from Aramaic 'abbā (see Abba1). -- jettison /ˈdʒɛtɪs(ə)n,ˈdʒɛtɪz(ə)n/ verb: jettison; 3rd person present: jettisons; past tense: jettisoned; past participle: jettisoned; gerund or present participle: jettisoning throw or drop (something) from an aircraft or ship. "six aircraft jettisoned their loads in the sea" abandon or discard (someone or something that is no longer wanted). "the scheme was jettisoned" Similar: dump drop ditch discharge eject throw out empty out pour out tip out unload throw overboard throw over the side discard dispose of throw away get rid of toss out reject scrap dispense with cast aside/off abandon relinquish have done with shed slough off shrug off throw on the scrapheap chuck (away/out) fling axe bin junk get shut of get shot of trash Opposite: load keep retain noun: jettison the action of jettisoning something. "the jettison lever" -- dregs /drɛɡz/ noun plural noun: dregs the remnants of a liquid left in a container, together with any sediment. "coffee dregs" Similar: sediment deposit residue remains accumulation slops sludge scum debris dross detritus refuse lees grounds scourings precipitate sublimate residuum settlings alluvium draff grouts the most worthless part or parts of something. "the dregs of society" Similar: scum refuse rabble vermin down-and-outs good-for-nothings outcasts deadbeats tramps vagrants the underclass the untouchables the lowest of the low the great unwashed the hoi polloi the ragtag (and bobtail) the canaille riff-raff Z-list trash dossers -- gangplank /ˈɡaŋplaŋk/ Learn to pronounce noun a movable plank, typically with cleats nailed on it, used by passengers to board or disembark from a ship or boat. --- statuette /statʃʊˈɛt,statjʊˈɛt/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: statuette; plural noun: statuettes a small statue or figurine, especially one that is smaller than life-size. Origin mid 19th century: from French, diminutive of statue . -- crockery /ˈkrɒk(ə)ri/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: crockery plates, dishes, cups, and other similar items, especially ones made of earthenware or china. Similar: dishes pots crocks plates bowls cups saucers pottery china porcelain earthenware stoneware tableware dinner service tea service dinnerware delph Origin early 18th century: from obsolete crocker ‘potter’, from crock1. -- pester /ˈpɛstə/ Learn to pronounce verb past tense: pestered; past participle: pestered trouble or annoy (someone) with frequent or persistent requests or interruptions. "she constantly pestered him with telephone calls" Similar: badger hound annoy bother harass trouble plague irritate irk chivvy keep after persecute torment molest bedevil besiege harry worry beleaguer nag dun importune hassle bug aggravate give someone a hard time get on someone's nerves drive round the bend drive up the wall get in someone's hair get up someone's nose get at get on someone's back mither ride devil Origin -- submissive /səbˈmɪsɪv/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: submissive ready to conform to the authority or will of others; meekly obedient or passive. "a submissive, almost sheeplike people" Similar: compliant yielding malleable acquiescent accommodating amenable tractable manageable unassertive non-resisting passive obedient biddable dutiful duteous docile ductile pliant meek timid mild patient resigned forbearing subdued humble self-effacing spiritless deferential obsequious servile slavish self-abasing spineless grovelling lamblike supine bootlicking under someone's thumb resistless longanimous Opposite: domineering obstinate intractable Origin late 16th century: from submission, on the pattern of pairs such as remission, remissive . -- vermouth /ˈvəːməθ,vəˈmuːθ/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: vermouth; plural noun: vermouths a red or white wine flavoured with aromatic herbs, chiefly made in France and Italy and drunk mixed with gin. Origin from French vermout, from German Wermut ‘wormwood’. -- recalcitrant /rɪˈkalsɪtr(ə)nt/ Learn to pronounce adjective having an obstinately uncooperative attitude towards authority or discipline. "a class of recalcitrant fifteen-year-olds" Similar: uncooperative obstinately disobedient intractable unmanageable ungovernable refractory insubordinate defiant rebellious mutinous wilful wayward headstrong self-willed contrary perverse difficult awkward obdurate bloody-minded bolshie stroppy contumacious froward renitent pervicacious Opposite: amenable docile compliant noun a person with an obstinately uncooperative attitude. "a stiff-necked recalcitrant and troublemaker" -- obstinate /ˈɒbstɪnət/ Learn to pronounce adjective stubbornly refusing to change one's opinion or chosen course of action, despite attempts to persuade one to do so. "her obstinate determination to pursue a career in radio" Similar: stubborn headstrong wilful unyielding inflexible unbending intransigent intractable obdurate mulish stubborn as a mule pig-headed bull-headed self-willed strong-minded strong-willed contrary perverse recalcitrant refractory uncooperative unmanageable cross-grained stiff-necked stiff rigid steely iron-willed uncompromising implacable relentless unrelenting unpersuadable immovable unmalleable unshakeable inexorable with one's toes/feet dug in persistent persevering tenacious pertinacious dogged single-minded adamant firm steadfast determined bloody-minded bolshie stroppy balky froward contumacious contrarious indurate Opposite: compliant amenable tractable (of an unwelcome situation) very difficult to change or overcome. "the obstinate problem of unemployment" -- arbitration /ɑːbɪˈtreɪʃ(ə)n/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: arbitration; plural noun: arbitrations the use of an arbitrator to settle a dispute. "Tayside Regional Council called for arbitration to settle the dispute" Similar: adjudication mediation mediatorship negotiation conciliation intervention interceding interposition peacemaking judgement arbitrament Phrases go to arbitration — use an arbitrator to settle a dispute. "the trust and consortium are likely to go to arbitration" -- loom2 /luːm/ Learn to pronounce verb gerund or present participle: looming appear as a vague form, especially one that is large or threatening. "vehicles loomed out of the darkness" Similar: emerge appear become visible come into view take shape materialize reveal itself appear indistinctly come to light take on a threatening shape (of an event regarded as threatening) seem about to happen. "there is a crisis looming" Similar: be imminent be on the horizon impend be impending be close be ominously close -- herring /ˈhɛrɪŋ/ Learn to pronounce noun a fairly small silvery fish which is most abundant in coastal waters and is of widespread commercial importance. -- adjourn /əˈdʒəːn/ verb break off (a meeting, legal case, or game) with the intention of resuming it later. "the meeting was adjourned until December 4" (of a group of people) go somewhere for rest or refreshment. "they adjourned to a local pub" Similar: withdraw retire retreat beat a retreat take oneself decamp depart go out go off go away exit repair remove betake oneself abstract oneself put off or postpone (a resolution or sentence). "sentence was adjourned for a social inquiry report" Similar: suspend break off discontinue interrupt postpone put off -- "Agree to disagree" or "agreeing to disagree" is a phrase in English referring to the resolution of a conflict (usually a debate or quarrel) whereby all parties tolerate but do not accept the opposing position(s). -- capitulate /kəˈpɪtjʊleɪt/ verb gerund or present participle: capitulating cease to resist an opponent or an unwelcome demand; yield. "the patriots had to capitulate to the enemy forces" Similar: surrender give in yield admit defeat concede defeat give up the struggle -- transpire /tranˈspʌɪə,trɑːnˈspʌɪə/ Learn to pronounce verb 3rd person present: transpires 1. (of a secret or something unknown) come to be known; be revealed. "it transpired that millions of dollars of debt had been hidden in a complex web of transactions" Similar: become known become apparent be revealed be disclosed come to light emerge come out get out be discovered be uncovered materialize leak out turn out be made public prove to be the case. "as it transpired, he was right" occur; happen. "I'm going to find out exactly what transpired" Similar: happen occur take place come about come to pass crop up turn up arise chance ensue befall be realized take shape pan out end up 2. BOTANY (of a plant or leaf) give off water vapour through the stomata. "a cactus does not transpire as freely as most plants" Origin -- carnage /ˈkɑːnɪdʒ/ noun the killing of a large number of people. "the bombing was timed to cause as much carnage as possible" Similar: slaughter massacre mass murder mass destruction butchery -- strenuously /ˈstrɛnjʊəsli/ Learn to pronounce adverb in a way that requires great physical exertion. "drink more if you're exercising strenuously" with great effort and determination. "he strenuously denied any wrongdoing" -- undeterred /ʌndɪˈtəːd/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: undeterred persevering with something despite setbacks. "he was undeterred by these disasters" -- reticent /ˈrɛtɪs(ə)nt/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: reticent not revealing one's thoughts or feelings readily. "she was extremely reticent about her personal affairs" Similar: reserved withdrawn introverted restrained inhibited diffident shy modest unassuming shrinking distant undemonstrative wouldn't say boo to a goose uncommunicative unforthcoming unresponsive tight-lipped close-mouthed close-lipped quiet taciturn silent guarded secretive private media-shy mum Opposite: expansive garrulous Origin -- fisticuffs /ˈfɪstɪkʌfs/ Learn to pronounce noun plural noun: fisticuffs fighting with the fists. "the result was an outbreak of fisticuffs" Origin early 17th century: probably from obsolete fisty ‘relating to the fists or to fist fighting’ + cuff2. -- A thief thinks every man steals. This old Danish proverb refers to the paranoia a thief develops due to his own actions. -- (as) tough as nails phrase of nail (of a person) very strong and resilient in the face of hardship or pain. "a leader who is as tough as nails" -- prefecture /ˈpriːfɛktjʊə/ noun (in certain countries) a district under the authority of a prefect or governor. ... a prefect's office or tenure. the official residence or headquarters of a prefect. "enraged fans besieged the Prefecture of Police" -- overture /ˈəʊvətj(ʊ)ə/ Learn to pronounce noun 1. an orchestral piece at the beginning of an opera, play, etc. "the overture to Mozart's ‘Don Giovanni’" Similar: prelude introduction opening introductory movement voluntary verset 2. an introduction to something more substantial. "the talks were no more than an overture to a long debate" Similar: preliminary prelude curtain-raiser introduction lead-in -- frantic /ˈfrantɪk/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: frantic distraught with fear, anxiety, or other emotion. "she was frantic with worry" Similar: panic-stricken panic-struck panicky beside oneself at one's wits' end berserk distraught overwrought worked up agitated distressed frenzied wild frenetic fraught fevered feverish hysterical mad crazed out of control uncontrolled unhinged out of one's mind maniacal demented desperate in a state in a tizzy/tizz wound up het up in a flap in a cold sweat tearing one's hair out having kittens in a flat spin swivel-eyed Opposite: calm conducted in a hurried, excited, and disorganized way. "frantic attempts to resuscitate the girl" Origin late Middle English frentik, ‘insane, violently mad’, from Old French frenetique (see frenetic). -- emanate /ˈɛməneɪt/ Learn to pronounce verb 3rd person present: emanates (of a feeling, quality, or sensation) issue or spread out from (a source). "warmth emanated from the fireplace" Similar: emerge flow pour proceed issue ensue come out come forth spread out come be uttered be emitted be transmitted arise originate stem derive spring start originate from; be produced by. "the proposals emanated from a committee" give out or emit (a feeling, quality, or sensation). "he emanated a powerful brooding air" Similar: exude give off give out send out send forth pour out throw out spread discharge disgorge emit exhale radiate distil Origin -- veritable /ˈvɛrɪtəb(ə)l/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: veritable used for emphasis, often to qualify a metaphor. "the early 1970s witnessed a veritable price explosion" Origin late Middle English: from Old French, from verite ‘truth’ (see verity). Early senses included ‘true’ and ‘speaking the truth’, later ‘genuine, actual’. -- gong /ɡɒŋ/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: gong; plural noun: gongs 1. a metal disc with a turned rim, giving a resonant note when struck. 2. INFORMAL•BRITISH a medal or award. verb verb: gong; 3rd person present: gongs; past tense: gonged; past participle: gonged; gerund or present participle: gonging sound a gong or make a sound like that of a gong being struck. Origin early 17th century: from Malay gong, gung, of imitative origin. -- denigrate /ˈdɛnɪɡreɪt/ Learn to pronounce verb criticize unfairly; disparage. "doom and gloom merchants who denigrate their own country" Similar: disparage belittle diminish deprecate cast aspersions on decry criticize unfairly -- salient /ˈseɪlɪənt/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: salient 1. most noticeable or important. "it succinctly covered all the salient points of the case" Similar: important main principal major chief primary notable noteworthy outstanding arresting conspicuous striking noticeable obvious remarkable signal prominent pronounced predominant dominant key crucial vital essential basic staple critical pivotal prime central focal paramount Opposite: unimportant inconspicuous prominent; conspicuous. "the salient object in my view" 2. (of an angle) pointing outwards. 3. HERALDRY (of an animal) standing on its hind legs with the forepaws raised, as if leaping. noun noun: salient; plural noun: salients a piece of land or section of fortification that juts out to form an angle. an outward bulge in a line of military attack or defence. "this decisive battle broke the Germans' ability to attack any further into the Kursk salient" Origin mid 16th century (as a heraldic term): from Latin salient- ‘leaping’, from the verb salire . The noun dates from the early 19th century. -- scrounge /skraʊn(d)ʒ/ Learn to pronounce INFORMAL verb seek to obtain (something, typically food or money) at the expense or through the generosity of others or by stealth. "he had managed to scrounge a free meal" Similar: beg borrow cadge sponge bum touch someone for scab sorn on someone for mooch bludge noun an act of scrounging. "we went for a scrounge" -- salient /ˈseɪlɪənt/ Learn to pronounce adjective 1. most noticeable or important. "it succinctly covered all the salient points of the case" Similar: important main principal major chief primary notable noteworthy outstanding arresting conspicuous striking noticeable obvious remarkable signal prominent pronounced predominant dominant key crucial vital essential basic staple critical pivotal prime central focal paramount Opposite: unimportant inconspicuous 2. (of an angle) pointing outwards. noun a piece of land or section of fortification that juts out to form an angle. -- fledgling /ˈflɛdʒlɪŋ/ Learn to pronounce noun a young bird that has just fledged. Similar: chick baby bird nestling a person or organization that is immature, inexperienced, or underdeveloped. "the country's fledgling democracy" Similar: emerging emergent arising sunrise dawning beginning -- nefarious /nɪˈfɛːrɪəs/ adjective (typically of an action or activity) wicked or criminal. "the nefarious activities of the organized-crime syndicates" Similar: wicked evil sinful iniquitous villainous criminal heinous atrocious appalling abhorrent vile foul base abominable odious depraved corrupt shameful scandalous monstrous fiendish diabolical devilish unholy ungodly infernal satanic dark unspeakable despicable outrageous shocking disgraceful knavish dastardly egregious flagitious Opposite: good admirable Origin early 17th century: from Latin nefarius, from nefas, nefar- ‘wrong’ (from ne- ‘not’ + fas ‘divine law’) + -ous. -- feel a tug : 1 to perceive (something) by touching. 2 to have a physical or emotional sensation of (something) to feel heat, to feel anger. 3 tr to examine (something) by touch. -- outflank /aʊtˈflaŋk/ Learn to pronounce verb move round the side of (an enemy) so as to outmanoeuvre them. "the Germans had sought to outflank them from the north-east" outwit. "an attempt to outflank the opposition" -- galvanize /ˈɡalvənʌɪz/ verb gerund or present participle: galvanizing 1. shock or excite (someone) into taking action. "the urgency of his voice galvanized them into action" Similar: jolt shock startle impel stir spur prod urge motivate stimulate electrify excite rouse arouse awaken invigorate fire fuel animate vitalize energize exhilarate thrill dynamize inspire get someone going light a fire under give someone a shot in the arm give someone a kick inspirit incentivize Opposite: demotivate 2. coat (iron or steel) with a protective layer of zinc. "an old galvanized bucket" Origin early 19th century (in the sense ‘stimulate by electricity’): from French galvaniser (see Galvani, Luigi). -- deferential /dɛfəˈrɛnʃ(ə)l/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: deferential showing deference; respectful. "people were always deferential to him" Similar: obsequious humble respectful considerate attentive thoughtful courteous polite civil dutiful reverent reverential awed obedient submissive subservient fawning toadying yielding acquiescent complaisant compliant pliant tractable biddable manageable docile slavish mannerly regardful obeisant Opposite: arrogant impolite Origin early 19th century: from deference, on the pattern of pairs such as prudence, prudential . -- legalese /ˌliːɡəˈliːz/ noun INFORMAL the formal and technical language of legal documents. "the typed pages were full of confusing legalese" -- Good faith Honesty; a sincere intention to deal fairly with others. Good faith is an abstract and comprehensive term that encompasses a sincere belief or motive without any malice or the desire to defraud others. It derives from the translation of the Latin term bona fide, and courts use the two terms interchangeably. good faith noun honesty or sincerity of intention. "the details contained in this brochure have been published in good faith" -- on·tol·o·gy /änˈtäləjē/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: ontology; plural noun: ontologies 1. the branch of metaphysics dealing with the nature of being. 2. a set of concepts and categories in a subject area or domain that shows their properties and the relations between them. "what's new about our ontology is that it is created automatically from large datasets" Origin early 18th century: from modern Latin ontologia, from Greek ōn, ont- ‘being’ + -logy. ~ Ontology Field of study DescriptionOntology is the philosophical study of being. More broadly, it studies concepts that directly relate to being, in particular becoming, existence, reality, as well as the basic categories of being and their relations. Wikipedia --- Diplomacy is the art of letting someone else have your way. —Daniele Vare, Italian diplomat --- ostensibly /ɒˈstɛnsɪbli/ Learn to pronounce adverb adverb: ostensibly as appears or is stated to be true, though not necessarily so; apparently. "the party secretary resigned, ostensibly from ill health" h Similar: apparently seemingly on the face of it to all appearances -- gusto /ˈɡʌstəʊ/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: gusto 1. enjoyment and enthusiasm in doing something. "Hawkins tucked into his breakfast with gusto" h Similar: enthusiasm relish appetite enjoyment delight glee pleasure satisfaction gratification appreciation liking fondness zest zeal fervour verve keenness avidity delectation h Opposite: apathy distaste archaic a relish or liking. "he had a particular gusto for those sort of performances" 2. archaic the style in which a work of art is executed. Origin early 17th century: from Italian, from Latin gustus ‘taste’. -- stymie /ˈstʌɪmi/ Learn to pronounce verbinformal past tense: stymied; past participle: stymied prevent or hinder the progress of. "the changes must not be allowed to stymie new medical treatments" h Similar: impede interfere with hamper hinder obstruct inhibit frustrate thwart foil spoil stall shackle fetter stop check block cripple handicap scotch put paid to put the kibosh on snooker scupper h Opposite: assist help Origin mid 19th century (originally a golfing term, denoting a situation on the green where a ball obstructs the shot of another player): of unknown origin. -- gangplank /ˈɡaŋplaŋk/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: gangplank; plural noun: gangplanks; noun: gang-plank; plural noun: gang-planks a movable plank, typically with cleats nailed on it, used by passengers to board or disembark from a ship or boat. -- conciliation /kənˌsɪlɪˈeɪʃn/ noun: conciliation; plural noun: conciliations the action of stopping someone being angry; placation. "he held his hands up in a gesture of conciliation" Similar: appeasement pacification peacemaking placation propitiation mollification reconciliation Opposite: provocation the action of mediating between two disputing people or groups. "many disputes are settled through conciliation by the official body" -- testament /ˈtɛstəm(ə)nt/ Learn to pronounce See definitions in: All Law Biblical noun noun: testament; plural noun: testaments 1. a person's will, especially the part relating to personal property. "father's will and testament" 2. something that serves as a sign or evidence of a specified fact, event, or quality. "growing attendance figures are a testament to the event's popularity" Similar: testimony witness evidence proof attestation demonstration indication exemplification monument tribute 3. (in biblical use) a covenant or dispensation. a division of the Bible. noun: Testament; plural noun: Testaments a copy of the New Testament. noun: Testament "he was able to buy a Testament" Origin Middle English: from Latin testamentum ‘a will’ (from testari ‘testify’), in Christian Latin also translating Greek diathēkē ‘covenant’. -- acrimonious /ˌakrɪˈməʊnɪəs/ Learn to pronounce adjective (typically of speech or discussion) angry and bitter. "an acrimonious dispute about wages" Similar: bitter rancorous caustic acerbic scathing sarcastic acid -- A cymbal is a common percussion instrument. Often used in pairs, cymbals consist of thin, normally round plates of various alloys. The majority of cymbals are of indefinite pitch, although small disc-shaped cymbals based on ancient designs sound a definite note (see: crotales). Cymbal Musical instrument DescriptionA cymbal is a common percussion instrument. Often used in pairs, cymbals consist of thin, normally round plates of various alloys. The majority of cymbals are of indefinite pitch, although small disc-shaped cymbals based on ancient designs sound a definite note. Wikipedia Instrument family: Percussion, Orchestral percussion Related instrument: Crotales Classification: Percussion Developed: 7th century BC -- lucid /ˈluːsɪd/ Learn to pronounce adjective 1. expressed clearly; easy to understand. "a lucid account" Similar: intelligible comprehensible understandable cogent coherent communicative articulate eloquent clear clear-cut crystal clear transparent plain simple direct vivid sharp straightforward perspicuous unambiguous graphic explicit joined-up Opposite: confusing unclear ambiguous 2. LITERARY bright or luminous. "birds dipped their wings in the lucid flow of air" Similar: bright shining gleaming luminous radiant brilliant glowing --- prodigal /ˈprɒdɪɡ(ə)l/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: prodigal 1. spending money or using resources freely and recklessly; wastefully extravagant. "prodigal habits die hard" Similar: wasteful extravagant spendthrift improvident imprudent immoderate profligate thriftless excessive intemperate irresponsible self-indulgent reckless wanton Opposite: thrifty economical parsimonious 2. having or giving something on a lavish scale. "the dessert was prodigal with whipped cream" Similar: generous lavish liberal unstinting unsparing bountiful copious profuse abundant in abounding in rich bounteous Opposite: mean noun noun: prodigal; plural noun: prodigals a person who spends money in a recklessly extravagant way. "the government wished to clip the wings of the local authority prodigals" a person who leaves home to lead a prodigal life but later makes a repentant return. noun: prodigal daughter; plural noun: prodigal daughters; noun: prodigal son; plural noun: prodigal sons Origin late Middle English: from late Latin prodigalis, from Latin prodigus ‘lavish’. -- pupil1 /ˈpjuːpɪl,ˈpjuːp(ə)l/ Learn to pronounce Filter definitions by topic See definitions in: All Education Law Anatomy noun noun: pupil; plural noun: pupils a person who is taught by another, especially a schoolchild or student in relation to a teacher. "they are former pupils of the school" Similar: student schoolchild schoolboy schoolgirl scholar disciple follower learner protégé apprentice trainee mentee probationer novice recruit beginner tyro neophyte BRITISH a trainee barrister. Origin late Middle English (in the sense ‘orphan, ward’): from Old French pupille, from Latin pupillus (diminutive of pupus ‘boy’) and pupilla (diminutive of pupa ‘girl’). pupil2 /ˈpjuːpɪl,ˈpjuːp(ə)l/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: pupil; plural noun: pupils the dark circular opening in the centre of the iris of the eye, which varies in size to regulate the amount of light reaching the retina. Origin -- impassioned /ɪmˈpaʃ(ə)nd/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: impassioned filled with or showing great emotion. "she made an impassioned plea for help" Similar: emotional heartfelt wholehearted full-hearted from the heart earnest sincere fervent fervid ardent vehement intense burning urgent passionate feverish frantic emotive zealous perfervid passional Opposite: half-hearted impassion /ɪmˈpaʃ(ə)n/ Learn to pronounce verb past tense: impassioned; past participle: impassioned make passionate. "her body had once pleased and impassioned him" Origin -- stalwart /ˈstɔːlwət,ˈstɒlwət/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: stalwart loyal, reliable, and hard-working. "he remained a stalwart supporter of the cause" Similar: staunch loyal faithful committed devoted dedicated dependable reliable steady constant trusty hard-working vigorous stable firm steadfast redoubtable resolute unswerving unwavering unhesitating unfaltering Opposite: disloyal unfaithful unreliable DATED strongly built and sturdy. "he was of stalwart build" noun noun: stalwart; plural noun: stalwarts a loyal, reliable, and hard-working supporter of or participant in an organization or team. "the stalwarts of the Labour Party" Origin -- pro rata /prəʊ ˈrɑːtə,ˈreɪtə/ adjective adjective: pro rata proportional. "as the pound has fallen costs have risen on a pro rata basis" adverb adverb: pro rata proportionally. "their fees will rise pro rata with salaries" Origin late 16th century: Latin, literally ‘according to the rate’. -- platitude /ˈplatɪtjuːd/ Learn to pronounce noun plural noun: platitudes a remark or statement, especially one with a moral content, that has been used too often to be interesting or thoughtful. "she began uttering liberal platitudes" Similar: cliché truism commonplace banality old chestnut bromide inanity tag Origin early 19th century: from French, from plat ‘flat’. -- steward /ˈstjuːəd/ Learn to pronounce Filter definitions by topic See definitions in: All Title Royalty noun plural noun: stewards 1. a person employed to look after the passengers on a ship, aircraft, or train. Similar: flight attendant cabin attendant member of the cabin staff stewardess air hostess stew 2. a person responsible for supplies of food to a college, club, or other institution. Similar: major-domo seneschal manciple butler 3. an official appointed to supervise arrangements or keep order at a large public event, for example a race, match, or demonstration. Similar: official marshal organizer 4. short for shop steward. 5. a person employed to manage another's property, especially a large house or estate. Similar: (estate) manager agent overseer custodian caretaker land agent bailiff factor reeve HISTORICAL•BRITISH an officer of the royal household, especially an administrator of Crown estates. "Chief Steward of the Duchy of Lancaster" a person whose responsibility it is to take care of something. "farmers pride themselves on being stewards of the countryside" verb 3rd person present: stewards 1. (of an official) supervise arrangements or keep order at (a large public event). "the event was organized and stewarded properly" 2. manage or look after (another's property). "security is found in reparticipating in community and stewarding nature" Origin Old English stīweard, from stig (probably in the sense ‘house, hall’) + weard ‘ward’. The verb dates from the early 17th century. -- exacerbate /ɪɡˈzasəbeɪt,ɛkˈsasəbeɪt/ Learn to pronounce verb past tense: exacerbated; past participle: exacerbated make (a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling) worse. "the exorbitant cost of land in urban areas only exacerbated the problem" Similar: aggravate make worse worsen inflame compound intensify increase heighten magnify add to amplify augment make matters worse compound the problem add fuel to the fire/flames fan the flames rub salt in the wounds add insult to injury Opposite: calm reduce Origin -- congenial /kənˈdʒiːnɪəl/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: congenial (of a person) pleasing or liked on account of having qualities or interests that are similar to one's own. "his need for some congenial company" Similar: like-minded compatible kindred well suited easy to get along with companionable sociable sympathetic comradely convivial neighbourly hospitable genial personable agreeable friendly pleasant likeable kindly pleasing amiable nice good-natured sympathique simpatico Opposite: disagreeable incompatible (of a thing) pleasant or agreeable because suited to one's taste or inclination. "he went back to a climate more congenial to his cold stony soul" Similar: pleasant pleasing to one's liking agreeable enjoyable -- Invasion of Normandy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search It has been suggested that Operation Overlord be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since February 2020. This article is about the first few weeks of the invasion of Normandy. The first day of the landings (commonly known as D-Day) is covered in more detail at Normandy landings. For earlier invasions of Normandy in other wars, see Invasions of Normandy (disambiguation). Invasion of Normandy Part of Operation Overlord (World War II) Into the Jaws of Death 23-0455M edit.jpg Into the Jaws of Death by Robert F. Sargent. Assault craft land one of the first waves at Omaha Beach. The U.S. Coast Guard caption identifies the unit as Company E, 16th Infantry, 1st Infantry Division. Date 6 June 1944 – mid-July 1944 Location Normandy, France Coordinates: 49°20′N 0°34′W Result Allied victory Territorial changes German army retreats eastwards to Paris. Belligerents Allies United Kingdom United States Canada Allied contributions Axis Nazi Germany Commanders and leaders United States Dwight D. Eisenhower (Supreme Allied Commander) United Kingdom Arthur Tedder (Deputy Supreme Allied Commander) United Kingdom Bernard Montgomery (21st Army Group, Ground Forces Commander in Chief) United Kingdom Trafford Leigh-Mallory (Air Commander in Chief) United Kingdom Bertram Ramsay (Naval Commander in Chief) United Kingdom Miles Dempsey (British 2nd Army) United States Omar Bradley (U.S. 1st Army) Nazi Germany Gerd von Rundstedt (Oberbefehlshaber West) Nazi Germany Erwin Rommel (Heeresgruppe B) Nazi Germany Friedrich Dollmann (7 Armeeoberkommando) Nazi Germany Leo Geyr von Schweppenburg (Panzergruppe West) Strength 1,332,000 (by 24 July)[1] 380,000 (by 23 July)[2] Casualties and losses by 24 July: ≈120,000 casualties[1] by 24 July: 113,059 casualties[1] vte Operation Overlord Invasion of Normandy vte West European Campaign (1944–45) vte Western Front of World War II The Western Allies of World War II launched the largest amphibious invasion in history when they attacked German positions at Normandy, located on the northern coast of France, on 6 June 1944. The invaders were able to establish a beachhead as part of Operation Overlord after a successful "D-Day", the first day of the invasion. Allied land forces came from the United States, Britain, Canada, and Free French forces. In the weeks following the invasion, Polish forces and contingents from Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Greece and the Netherlands participated in the ground campaign; most also provided air and naval support alongside elements of the Royal Australian Air Force, the Royal New Zealand Air Force, and the Royal Norwegian Navy.[3][4] The Normandy invasion began with overnight parachute and glider landings, massive air attacks and naval bombardments. In the early morning, amphibious landings commenced on five beaches codenamed Sword, Juno, Gold, Omaha and Utah, with troops from the United States landing on Omaha and Utah, Britain landing on Gold and Sword, and Canada landing on Juno. During the evening the remaining elements of the airborne divisions landed. Land forces used on D-Day sailed from bases along the south coast of England, the most important of these being Portsmouth.[5] --- Definition of disserve. transitive verb. : to serve badly or falsely : harm. -- lampoon /lamˈpuːn/ Learn to pronounce verb gerund or present participle: lampooning publicly criticize (someone or something) by using ridicule, irony, or sarcasm. "the actor was lampooned by the press" Similar: satirize mock ridicule make fun of poke fun at caricature burlesque -- outlay /ˈaʊtleɪ/ Learn to pronounce noun plural noun: outlays an amount of money spent on something. "a modest outlay on local advertising" Similar: expenditure expenses spending outgoings money spent cost -- chicanery /ʃɪˈkeɪnəri/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: chicanery the use of deception or subterfuge to achieve one's purpose. "storylines packed with political chicanery" Similar: trickery deception deceit deceitfulness duplicity dishonesty unscrupulousness underhandedness subterfuge fraud fraudulence legerdemain sophistry sharp practice skulduggery swindling cheating duping hoodwinking deviousness guile intrigue palace intrigue craft craftiness artfulness slyness wiles misleading talk crookedness monkey business funny business hanky-panky shenanigans flimflam jiggery-pokery monkeyshines codology management knavery Origin -- vacillate /ˈvasɪleɪt/ Learn to pronounce verb past tense: vacillated; past participle: vacillated waver between different opinions or actions; be indecisive. "I vacillated between teaching and journalism" Similar: dither be indecisive be irresolute be undecided be uncertain be unsure be doubtful waver teeter temporize hesitate oscillate fluctuate keep changing one's mind haver hum and haw swither dilly-dally shilly-shally blow hot and cold irresolute hesitant tentative dithering wavering teetering fluctuating ambivalent divided doubtful unsure uncertain in two minds undecided indefinite unresolved undetermined dilly-dallying shilly-shallying iffy blowing hot and cold Opposite: resolute Origin -- conduit /ˈkɒndjʊɪt,ˈkɒndɪt/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: conduit; plural noun: conduits 1. a channel for conveying water or other fluid. "nearby springs supplied the conduit which ran into the brewery" a person or organization that acts as a channel for the transmission of something. "as an actor you have to be a conduit for other people's words" 2. a tube or trough for protecting electric wiring. "the gas pipe should not be close to any electrical conduit" Similar: channel duct pipe tube gutter groove furrow trough trench culvert cut sluice spillway race flume chute ditch drain Origin Middle English: from Old French, from medieval Latin conductus, from Latin conducere ‘bring together’ (see conduct). -- lockstep /ˈlɒkstɛp/ Learn to pronounce nounNORTH AMERICAN a way of marching with each person as close as possible to the one in front. "the trio marched in lockstep" close adherence to and emulation of another's actions. "they raised prices in lockstep with those of foreign competitors" -- fiduciary /fɪˈdjuːʃ(ə)ri/ Learn to pronounce Filter definitions by topic See definitions in: all law finance adjective adjective: fiduciary 1. Law involving trust, especially with regard to the relationship between a trustee and a beneficiary. "the company has a fiduciary duty to shareholders" archaic held or given in trust. "fiduciary estates" 2. Finance (of a paper currency) depending for its value on securities (as opposed to gold) or the reputation of the issuer. noun noun: fiduciary; plural noun: fiduciaries a trustee. -- bequest /bɪˈkwɛst/ Learn to pronounce noun plural noun: bequests a legacy. "a bequest of over £300,000" h Similar: legacy inheritance endowment estate heritage bestowal bequeathal settlement provision benefaction gift present contribution donation devise hereditament the action of bequeathing something. "a painting acquired by bequest" Origin -- odious /ˈəʊdɪəs/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: odious extremely unpleasant; repulsive. "a pretty odious character" h Similar: revolting repulsive repellent repugnant disgusting offensive objectionable vile foul abhorrent loathsome nauseating nauseous sickening hateful detestable execrable abominable monstrous appalling reprehensible deplorable insufferable intolerable unacceptable despicable contemptible beyond the pale unspeakable poisonous noxious obscene base hideous grisly gruesome horrendous heinous atrocious awful terrible dreadful frightful obnoxious unsavoury unpalatable unpleasant disagreeable nasty distasteful dislikeable off-putting displeasing ghastly horrible horrid gross putrid sick-making yucky godawful beastly bogging skanky noisome disgustful scurvy loathly h Opposite: delightful pleasant agreeable charming Origin -- egregious /ɪˈɡriːdʒəs/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: egregious 1. outstandingly bad; shocking. "egregious abuses of copyright" h Similar: shocking appalling horrific horrifying horrible terrible awful dreadful grievous gross ghastly hideous horrendous frightful atrocious abominable abhorrent outrageous monstrous nightmarish heinous harrowing dire unspeakable shameful flagrant glaring blatant scandalous unforgivable unpardonable intolerable h Opposite: marvellous 2. archaic remarkably good. Origin -- surmise /səˈmʌɪz/ verb verb: surmise; 3rd person present: surmises; past tense: surmised; past participle: surmised; gerund or present participle: surmising suppose that something is true without having evidence to confirm it. "he surmised that something must be wrong" h Similar: guess conjecture suspect deduce infer come to the conclusion conclude theorize speculate glean divine assume presume suppose understand gather feel have a sneaking suspicion hazard a guess sense be of the opinion think believe imagine judge fancy reckon opine h Opposite: know noun noun: surmise; plural noun: surmises a supposition that something may be true, even though there is no evidence to confirm it. "Charles was glad to have his surmise confirmed" Origin late Middle English (in the senses ‘formal allegation’ and ‘allege formally’): from Anglo-Norman French and Old French surmise, feminine past participle of surmettre ‘accuse’, from late Latin supermittere ‘put in afterwards’, from super- ‘over’ + mittere ‘send’. -- lassitude /ˈlasɪtjuːd/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: lassitude a state of physical or mental weariness; lack of energy. "she was overcome by lassitude and retired to bed" h Similar: lethargy listlessness weariness languor sluggishness enervation tiredness exhaustion fatigue sleepiness drowsiness torpor torpidity ennui lifelessness sloth apathy h Opposite: vigour energy Origin late Middle English: from French, from Latin lassitudo, from lassus ‘tired’. -- idyllic /ɪˈdɪlɪk/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: idyllic like an idyll; extremely happy, peaceful, or picturesque. "an attractive hotel in an idyllic setting" h Similar: perfect ideal idealized wonderful blissful halcyon happy -- cellar /ˈsɛlə/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: cellar; plural noun: cellars a room below ground level in a house, often used for storing wine or coal. "the servants led us down into a cellar" h Similar: basement vault crypt undercroft underground room catacomb garden flat sub-basement lower ground floor below stairs h Opposite: attic a stock of wine. "he spent years building up a remarkable cellar of aged Riojas" verb verb: cellar; 3rd person present: cellars; past tense: cellared; past participle: cellared; gerund or present participle: cellaring store (wine) in a cellar. "it is drinkable now but can be cellared for at least five years" Origin Middle English (in the general sense ‘storeroom’): from Old French celier, from late Latin cellarium ‘storehouse’, from Latin cella ‘storeroom or chamber’. Translate cellar to Tip Similar-sounding words cellar is sometimes confused with seller -- patsy /ˈpatsi/ Learn to pronounce nouninformal•North American noun: patsy; plural noun: patsies a person who is easily taken advantage of, especially by being cheated or blamed for something. "the blonde was drop-dead gorgeous but she was nobody's patsy" Origin early 20th century: of unknown origin. -- arcane /ɑːˈkeɪn/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: arcane understood by few; mysterious or secret. "arcane procedures for electing people" h Similar: mysterious secret hidden concealed covert clandestine enigmatic dark esoteric obscure abstruse recondite little known recherché inscrutable impenetrable opaque incomprehensible cryptic occult h Opposite: well known open Origin -- offhanded /ˌɒfˈhandɪd/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: offhanded; adjective: off-handed ungraciously or offensively nonchalant or cool in manner; offhand. "offhanded remarks that weren't fully considered" -- impetuous /ɪmˈpɛtjʊəs/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: impetuous acting or done quickly and without thought or care. "she might live to rue this impetuous decision" Similar: impulsive rash hasty overhasty reckless heedless foolhardy incautious imprudent injudicious ill-conceived ill-considered unplanned unreasoned unthought-out unthinking spontaneous impromptu spur-of-the-moment precipitate precipitous headlong hurried rushed Opposite: cautious considered moving forcefully or rapidly. "an impetuous but controlled flow of water" Similar: torrential powerful forceful vigorous violent raging rampant relentless unrestrained uncontrolled unbridled rapid fast fast-flowing rushing Opposite: sluggish weak Origin late Middle English: from Old French impetueux, from late Latin impetuosus, from impetere ‘to attack’. -- flit /flɪt/ Learn to pronounce verb gerund or present participle: flitting move swiftly and lightly. "small birds flitted about in the branches" h Similar: dart dance skip play dash trip flick skim flutter bob bounce spring scoot hop gambol caper cavort prance frisk scamper beetle Scottish•Northern English move house or leave one's home, typically secretly so as to escape creditors or obligations. Origin -- Our motto is: "If at first you do succeed, quit trying." -- burgeon /ˈbəːdʒ(ə)n/ Learn to pronounce verb past tense: burgeoned; past participle: burgeoned begin to grow or increase rapidly; flourish. "manufacturers are keen to cash in on the burgeoning demand" Similar: grow rapidly increase rapidly/exponentially expand spring up shoot up swell explode boom mushroom proliferate snowball multiply become more numerous escalate rocket skyrocket run riot put on a spurt flourish thrive prosper Opposite: shrink ARCHAIC•LITERARY put forth young shoots; bud. -- fi·del·i·ty /fəˈdelədē/ Learn to pronounce noun faithfulness to a person, cause, or belief, demonstrated by continuing loyalty and support. "he sought only the strictest fidelity to justice" Similar: loyalty allegiance obedience constancy fealty homage staunchness fastness sexual faithfulness to a spouse or partner. Similar: faithfulness loyalty constancy devotedness devotion commitment adherence true-heartedness trustworthiness trustiness honesty dependability reliability monogamy troth Opposite: disloyalty infidelity the degree of exactness with which something is copied or reproduced. "the 1949 recording provides reasonable fidelity" Similar: accuracy exactness exactitude precision preciseness correctness scrupulousness strictness closeness faithfulness correspondence literalness conformity realism verisimilitude veracity authenticity naturalism Opposite: inaccuracy Translations, word origin, and more definitions -- nag1 /naɡ/ verb 3rd person present: nags annoy or irritate (a person) with persistent fault-finding or continuous urging. "she constantly nags her daughter about getting married" Similar: harass keep on at go on at harp on at badger keep after give someone a hard time get on someone's back persecute chivvy hound harry bully pick on criticize find fault with keep complaining to moan (on) at grumble at henpeck carp at scold upbraid berate hassle ride heavy shrewish complaining grumbling fault-finding scolding carping cavilling criticizing be persistently painful, troublesome, or worrying to. "something nagged at the back of his mind" Similar: persistent continuous lingering niggling troublesome unrelenting unremitting unabating aching painful distressing worrying noun plural noun: nags a person who nags someone. Similar: shrew nagger harpy termagant harridan moaner complainer grumbler fault-finder carper caviller kvetch targe scold a persistent feeling of anxiety. "he felt once again that little nag of doubt" Origin early 19th century (originally dialect in the sense ‘gnaw’): perhaps of Scandinavian or Low German origin; compare with Norwegian and Swedish nagga ‘gnaw, irritate’ and Low German ( g)naggen ‘provoke’. nag2 /naɡ/ noun plural noun: nags INFORMAL•DEROGATORY a horse, especially one that is old or in poor health. "the old nag the lad fetched smelled sweaty" Similar: worn-out horse old horse hack Rosinante bag of bones plug crowbait moke screw jade rip keffel ARCHAIC a horse suitable for riding as opposed to a draft animal. Origin Middle English: of unknown origin. -- quick·sand /ˈkwikˌsand/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: quicksand; plural noun: quicksands loose wet sand that yields easily to pressure and sucks in anything resting on or falling into it. a bad or dangerous situation from which it is hard to escape. "John found himself sinking fast in financial quicksand" -- im·per·a·tive /əmˈperədiv/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: imperative 1. of vital importance; crucial. "immediate action was imperative" Similar: vitally important of vital importance all-important vital crucial critical essential of the essence a matter of life and death of great consequence necessary indispensable exigent pressing urgent required compulsory mandatory obligatory Opposite: unimportant optional 2. giving an authoritative command; peremptory. "the bell pealed again, a final imperative call" Similar: peremptory commanding imperious authoritative masterful lordly magisterial autocratic dictatorial domineering overbearing assertive firm insistent bossy high-handed overweening Opposite: submissive GRAMMAR denoting the mood of a verb that expresses a command or exhortation, as in come here!. noun noun: imperative; plural noun: imperatives 1. an essential or urgent thing. "free movement of labor was an economic imperative" a factor or influence making something necessary. "the change came about through a financial imperative" 2. GRAMMAR a verb or phrase in the imperative mood. the imperative mood. noun: the imperative -- e·gre·gious /əˈɡrējəs/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: egregious 1. outstandingly bad; shocking. "egregious abuses of copyright" Similar: shocking appalling horrific horrifying horrible terrible awful dreadful grievous gross ghastly hideous horrendous frightful atrocious abominable abhorrent outrageous monstrous nightmarish heinous harrowing dire unspeakable shameful flagrant glaring blatant scandalous unforgivable unpardonable intolerable Opposite: marvelous 2. ARCHAIC remarkably good. Origin --- dis·ar·ray /ˌdisəˈrā/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: disarray; plural noun: disarrays a state of disorganization or untidiness. "her gray hair was in disarray" Similar: disorder confusion chaos untidiness dishevelment mess muddle clutter jumble mix-up tangle hotchpotch shambles omnishambles disorganization lack of order discomposure disunity indiscipline unruliness Opposite: tidiness orderliness verb verb: disarray; 3rd person present: disarrays; past tense: disarrayed; past participle: disarrayed; gerund or present participle: disarraying 1. throw (someone or something) into a state of disorganization or untidiness. "the inspection disarrayed the usual schedule" Similar: disarrange make untidy bring/throw into disarray bring/throw into disorder disorganize turn upside-down unsettle dishevel tousle rumple Opposite: tidy organize 2. LITERARY strip (someone) of clothing. "attendant damsels to help to disarray her" Origin -- hand·i·work /ˈhandēˌwərk/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: handiwork; noun: one's handiwork; plural noun: one's handiworks 1. something that one has made or done. "the dressmakers stood back to survey their handiwork" Similar: creation product work achievement design doing action result handicraft craft craftwork 2. making things by hand, considered as a subject of instruction. "they taught young women reading, writing, and handiwork" Origin -- junk bond /ˈjəNGk ˌbänd/ noun a high-yield, high-risk security, typically issued by a company seeking to raise capital quickly in order to finance a takeover. Junk bonds are bonds that carry a higher risk of default than most bonds issued by corporations and governments. A bond is a debt or promises to pay investors interest payments and the return of invested principal in exchange for buying the bond. -- ze·ro-cou·pon bond noun a bond that is issued at a deep discount to its face value but pays no interest. -- erg1 /ərɡ/ See definitions in: All Physics Geography nounPHYSICS a unit of work or energy, equal to the work done by a force of one dyne when its point of application moves one centimeter in the direction of action of the force. -- befitting /bəˈfidiNG/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: befitting appropriate to the occasion. "a country which can run the prestigious tournament in a befitting manner" be·fit /bəˈfit/ Learn to pronounce verb gerund or present participle: befitting be appropriate for; suit. "the ballet ends nobly, as befits a tragedy" Similar: in keeping with as befits fitting appropriate to fit for suitable for suited to apt for proper to right for compatible with consistent with in character with meet for Opposite: out of keeping with Translate befitting to -- Du jour Let’s start with the meaning of du jour. Du jour is an adjective used only after a noun, as in soup du jour topic du jour hairstyle du jour It comes from French, in which du jour means literally “of the day.” In English, it can mean either an item served in a restaurant on a particular day, as in example 1 above, or something that is happening or popular at the current time (this month, this year, etc.), as in examples 2 and 3. When it is used to mean popular, it can have a slightly negative meaning, similar to trendy. Du jour is most commonly used in newspapers, magazines, and news shows. It is not common in academic writing. Below are some example sentences that show how du jour is used. Our pasta du jour is linguine with clam sauce. Long straight hair was the style du jour. The recession was once again the topic du jour on the radio. Strategy du jour A strategy is a careful plan or method for achieving a particular goal. As you can probably guess, a strategy du jour is a strategy that is widely used or popular at the current time. -- por·tend /pôrˈtend/ Learn to pronounce verb past tense: portended; past participle: portended be a sign or warning that (something, especially something momentous or calamitous) is likely to happen. "the eclipses portend some major events" Similar: presage augur foreshadow foretell prophesy be a sign of be a warning of -- ob·scure /əbˈskyo͝or/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: obscure; comparative adjective: obscurer; superlative adjective: obscurest not discovered or known about; uncertain. "his origins and parentage are obscure" Similar: unclear uncertain unknown in doubt doubtful dubious mysterious hazy vague indeterminate concealed hidden not clearly expressed or easily understood. "obscure references to Proust" Similar: abstruse recondite arcane esoteric recherché occult enigmatic mystifying puzzling perplexing baffling ambiguous cryptic equivocal Delphic oracular riddling oblique opaque elliptical unintelligible uninterpretable incomprehensible impenetrable unfathomable inexplicable unexplained as clear as mud Opposite: clear plain not important or well known. "an obscure religious sect" Similar: little known unknown unheard of undistinguished insignificant unimportant inconsequential inconspicuous unnoticed nameless anonymous minor humble lowly unrenowned unsung unrecognized unhonored inglorious forgotten Opposite: famous renowned hard to make out or define; vague. "I feel an obscure resentment" Similar: indistinct faint vague ill-defined unclear blurred blurry misty hazy foggy veiled cloudy clouded nebulous fuzzy dark dim unlit black murky somber gloomy shady shadowy dusky tenebrous darkling crepuscular caliginous Cimmerian Opposite: distinct (of a color) not sharply defined; dim or dingy. verb verb: obscure; 3rd person present: obscures; past tense: obscured; past participle: obscured; gerund or present participle: obscuring keep from being seen; conceal. "gray clouds obscure the sun" Similar: hide conceal cover veil shroud screen mask cloak cast a shadow over shadow envelop mantle block block out blank out obliterate eclipse overshadow enshroud bedim benight obnubilate adumbrate Opposite: reveal make unclear and difficult to understand. "the debate has become obscured by conflicting ideological perspectives" Similar: confuse complicate obfuscate cloud blur muddy muddy the waters becloud befog Opposite: clarify illuminate overshadow. "none of this should obscure the skill, experience, and perseverance of the workers" Origin late Middle English: from Old French obscur, from Latin obscurus ‘dark’, from an Indo-European root meaning ‘cover’. -- re·peal /rəˈpēl/ Learn to pronounce verb verb: repeal; 3rd person present: repeals; past tense: repealed; past participle: repealed; gerund or present participle: repealing revoke or annul (a law or congressional act). "the legislation was repealed five months later" Similar: revoke rescind cancel reverse abrogate annul nullify declare null and void make void void invalidate render invalid quash abolish set aside countermand retract withdraw overrule override vacate avoid recall disannul Opposite: introduce enact ratify noun noun: repeal; plural noun: repeals the action of revoking or annulling a law or congressional act. "the House voted in favor of repeal" Similar: revocation rescinding cancellation reversal annulment nullification voiding invalidation quashing abolition abrogation setting aside countermanding retraction withdrawal rescindment overruling overriding recall rescission disannulment Opposite: introduction enactment ratification Origin -- ab·er·ra·tion /ˌabəˈrāSH(ə)n/ Learn to pronounce Filter definitions by topic See definitions in: All Biology Optics Astronomy noun plural noun: aberrations a departure from what is normal, usual, or expected, typically one that is unwelcome. "they described the outbreak of violence in the area as an aberration" Similar: anomaly deviation divergence abnormality irregularity variation digression freak rogue rarity quirk oddity curiosity mistake eccentricity transgression straying lapse aberrancy BIOLOGY a characteristic that deviates from the normal type. "color aberrations" Similar: disorder defect disease irregularity instability derangement vagary OPTICS the failure of rays to converge at one focus because of limitations or defects in a lens or mirror. ASTRONOMY the apparent displacement of a celestial object from its true position, caused by the relative motion of the observer and the object. Origin -- bane /bān/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: bane; plural noun: banes a cause of great distress or annoyance. "the bane of the decorator is the long, narrow hall" Similar: scourge ruin death plague ruination destruction torment torture menace suffering pain distress hardship cross to bear burden thorn in one's flesh/side bitter pill affliction calamity despair trouble misery woe tribulation misfortune nuisance pest headache trial blight curse nightmare ARCHAIC something, typically poison, that causes death. Origin -- er·satz /ˈerˌzäts,ˈerˌsäts/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: ersatz (of a product) made or used as a substitute, typically an inferior one, for something else. "ersatz coffee" Similar: artificial substitute imitation synthetic fake false faux mock simulated pseudo sham bogus spurious counterfeit forged pretended so-called plastic manufactured man-made unnatural fabricated replica reproduction facsimile inferior low-quality poor-quality low-grade shoddy substandard unsatisfactory adulterated phoney Opposite: genuine not real or genuine. "ersatz emotion" Origin late 19th century: from German, literally ‘replacement’. -- con·script verb past tense: conscripted; past participle: conscripted /kənˈskript/ enlist (someone) compulsorily, typically into the armed services. "they were conscripted into the army" Similar: call up enlist recruit mobilize raise muster draft press -- cinch /sin(t)SH/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: cinch; plural noun: cinches 1. INFORMAL an extremely easy task. "the program was a cinch to use" Similar: easy uncomplicated not difficult undemanding unexacting unchallenging effortless painless trouble-free facile simple straightforward elementary idiot-proof plain sailing a walkover a gift nothing easy-peasy easy as pie as easy as falling off a log as easy as ABC a piece of cake a cakewalk child's play kids' stuff no sweat a picnic a doddle a doss a breeze a pushover a sitter a five-finger exercise a walk in the park money for old rope money for jam duck soup a snap easy-breezy a bludge a snack a piece of old tackle a snip vulgar slanga piece of piss Opposite: challenge NORTH AMERICAN a sure thing; a certainty. "he was a cinch to take a prize" Similar: certainty sure thing cert dead cert 2. NORTH AMERICAN a girth for a Western saddle or pack. verbNORTH AMERICAN verb: cinch; 3rd person present: cinches; past tense: cinched; past participle: cinched; gerund or present participle: cinching 1. secure (a garment) with a belt. fix (a saddle) securely by means of a girth; girth up (a horse). 2. INFORMAL make certain of. "his advice cinched her decision to accept the offer" Origin -- croup·i·er /ˈkro͞opēˌā,ˈkro͞opēər/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: croupier; plural noun: croupiers 1. the person in charge of a gaming table, gathering in and paying out money or tokens. 2. HISTORICAL the assistant chairman at a public dinner, seated at the lower end of the table. Origin -- spe·cious /ˈspēSHəs/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: specious superficially plausible, but actually wrong. "a specious argument" misleading in appearance, especially misleadingly attractive. "the music trade gives Golden Oldies a specious appearance of novelty" Similar: plausible but wrong seemingly correct misleading deceptive false fallacious unsound casuistic sophistic Origin -- sub·vert /səbˈvərt/ Learn to pronounce verb verb: subvert; 3rd person present: subverts; past tense: subverted; past participle: subverted; gerund or present participle: subverting undermine the power and authority of (an established system or institution). "an attempt to subvert democratic government" Similar: destabilize unsettle overthrow overturn bring down bring about the downfall of topple depose oust supplant unseat dethrone disestablish dissolve disrupt wreak havoc on sabotage ruin upset destroy annihilate demolish wreck undo undermine undercut weaken impair damage corrupt pervert warp deprave defile debase distort contaminate poison embitter vitiate Origin -- col·lusive /kəˈlo͞osiv/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: collusive involving secret or unlawful cooperation aimed at deceiving or gaining an advantage over others. "the companies' collusive behavior enabled them to charge higher prices" -- pur·port verb gerund or present participle: purporting /pərˈpôrt/ appear or claim to be or do something, especially falsely; profess. "she is not the person she purports to be" Similar: claim lay claim profess pretend set oneself up (as) appear seem be apparently be ostensibly pose as impersonate pass oneself off as be disguised as masquerade as feign the identity of pass for represent oneself as personate Origin -- en masse /än ˈmas/ adverb adverb: en masse; adverb: enmasse in a group; all together. "the board of directors resigned en masse" Similar: (all) together as a group in a body as one as a whole in a mass wholesale simultaneously all at once at the same time at one and the same time at the same instant at the same moment contemporaneously in unison in concert in chorus en bloc ensemble synchronously Opposite: singly Origin late 18th century: French, ‘in a mass’. -- ex·hil·a·rat·ing /iɡˈziləˌrādiNG/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: exhilarating making one feel very happy, animated, or elated; thrilling. "an exhilarating two-hour rafting experience" ex·hil·a·rate /iɡˈziləˌrāt/ Learn to pronounce verb gerund or present participle: exhilarating make (someone) feel very happy, animated, or elated. "the children were exhilarated by a sense of purpose" Similar: thrill excite intoxicate elate make someone's spirits soar make very happy give someone great pleasure delight gladden brighten cheer up enliven animate invigorate energize lift stimulate raise someone's spirits revitalize refresh give someone a kick give someone a thrill give someone a buzz turn someone on give someone a charge inspirit thrilling exciting intoxicating heady stimulating invigorating electrifying energizing uplifting enlivening revitalizing vitalizing stirring breathtaking refreshing bracing mind-blowing Opposite: depress boring depressing Origin -- ark /ärk/ noun (in the Bible) the ship built by Noah to save his family and two of every kind of animal from the Flood; Noah's ark. ARCHAIC a large, flat-bottomed boat. plural noun: arks Origin Old English ærc, from Latin arca ‘chest’. -- im·plic·it /imˈplisit/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: implicit 1. implied though not plainly expressed. "comments seen as implicit criticism of the policies" Similar: implied indirect inferred understood hinted suggested deducible unspoken unexpressed undeclared unstated unsaid tacit unacknowledged silent taken for granted taken as read assumed inherent latent underlying inbuilt incorporated fundamental Opposite: explicit direct 2. essentially or very closely connected with; always to be found in. "the values implicit in the school ethos" 3. with no qualification or question; absolute. "an implicit faith in God" Similar: absolute complete entire total wholehearted perfect sheer utter unqualified unconditional unreserved unadulterated unalloyed undiluted positive unshaken unshakeable unhesitating unquestioning firm steadfast constant Opposite: limited 4. MATHEMATICS (of a function) not expressed directly in terms of independent variables. -- span·iel /ˈspanyəl/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: spaniel; plural noun: spaniels a dog of a breed with a long silky coat and drooping ears. used in similes and metaphors as a symbol of devotion or obsequiousness. "I followed my uncles around as faithfully as any spaniel" Origin Middle English: from Old French espaigneul ‘Spanish (dog)’, from Latin Hispaniolus ‘Spanish’. -- pro for·ma /ˌprō ˈfôrmə/ Filter definitions by topic See definitions in: All Commerce Finance adjective adjective: pro forma; adjective: proforma done or produced as a matter of form. "pro forma reports" denoting a standard document or form, especially an invoice sent in advance of or with goods supplied. (of a financial statement) showing potential or expected income, costs, assets, or liabilities, especially in relation to some planned or expected act or situation. adverb adverb: pro forma; adverb: proforma as a matter of form or politeness. "he nodded to him pro forma" noun noun: pro forma; plural noun: pro formas; noun: proforma; plural noun: proformas a standard document, form or financial statement. Origin -- wham·my /ˈ(h)wamē/ Learn to pronounce nounINFORMAL noun: whammy; plural noun: whammies an event with a powerful and unpleasant effect; a blow. "the third whammy was the degradation of the financial system" US an evil or unlucky influence. "I've come to put the whammy on them" Origin -- cat·e·chism /ˈkadəˌkizəm/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: catechism; plural noun: catechisms a summary of the principles of Christian religion in the form of questions and answers, used for the instruction of Christians. a series of fixed questions, answers, or precepts used for instruction in other situations. "the preventive health catechism “more exercise, less tobacco and alcohol, and better diet”" Origin -- e·gre·gious /əˈɡrējəs/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: egregious 1. outstandingly bad; shocking. "egregious abuses of copyright" Similar: shocking appalling horrific horrifying horrible terrible awful dreadful grievous gross ghastly hideous horrendous frightful atrocious abominable abhorrent outrageous monstrous nightmarish heinous harrowing dire unspeakable shameful flagrant glaring blatant scandalous unforgivable unpardonable intolerable Opposite: marvelous 2. ARCHAIC remarkably good. Origin -- imp·ish /ˈimpiSH/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: impish inclined to do slightly naughty things for fun; mischievous. "he had an impish look about him" Similar: mischievous naughty wicked devilish rascally roguish prankish -- almanac /ˈɔːlmənak,ˈɒlmənak/ Learn to pronounce noun an annual calendar containing important dates and statistical information such as astronomical data and tide tables. Similar: yearbook calendar register annual manual handbook compendium annal(s) archive(s) chronicle(s) a handbook, typically published annually, containing information of general interest or on a sport or pastime. -- hilt /hɪlt/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: hilt; plural noun: hilts the handle of a weapon or tool, especially a sword, dagger, or knife. Similar: handle haft handgrip grip shaft shank stock helve Opposite: head blade Phrases to the hilt — completely. "the estate was mortgaged up to the hilt" -- sub-par adjective. below an average, usual, or normal level, quality, or the like; below par: This month his performance has been subpar. -- fig leaf noun a leaf of a fig tree, often used for concealing the genitals in paintings and sculpture. a thing intended to conceal a difficulty or embarrassment. "the amendment was just a fig leaf intended to cover the cracks in the party" -- grubby /ˈɡrʌbi/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: grubby; comparative adjective: grubbier; superlative adjective: grubbiest covered with dirt; grimy. "the grubby face of a young boy" Similar: dirty grimy filthy unwashed stained soiled smeared spotted muddy dusty sooty messy scruffy shabby untidy unkempt slovenly slatternly sordid squalid unhygienic unsanitary insanitary mucky cruddy yucky icky manky grotty gungy bogging befouled besmirched besmeared begrimed feculent Opposite: clean involving dishonest or disreputable activity; sordid. "the grubby business of selling arms" -- collie /ˈkɒli/ Learn to pronounce noun plural noun: collies a sheepdog of a breed originating in Scotland, having a long pointed nose and long thick hair. Origin mid 17th century: perhaps from coal (the breed originally being black). -- cocker /ˈkɒkə/ Learn to pronounce noun plural noun: cocker spaniels a small spaniel of a breed with a silky coat. Origin early 19th century: from cock1 + -er1 (the dog was bred to flush out game birds such as woodcock). -- bailiwick /ˈbeɪlɪwɪk/ noun noun: bailiwick; plural noun: bailiwicks 1. one's sphere of operations or area of interest. "after the war, the Middle East remained his bailiwick" 2. LAW the district or jurisdiction of a bailie or bailiff. "the warden had the right to arrest all poachers found within his bailiwick" Origin late Middle English: from bailie + wick2. -- abet /əˈbɛt/ Learn to pronounce verb past tense: abetted; past participle: abetted encourage or assist (someone) to do something wrong, in particular to commit a crime. "he was not guilty of murder but was guilty of aiding and abetting others" Similar: assist aid help lend a hand support back encourage cooperate with collaborate with work with connive with collude with go along with be in collusion with be hand in glove with side with second endorse boost favour champion sanction succour promote further expedite push give a push to connive at participate in Opposite: hinder encourage or assist someone to commit (a crime). "we are aiding and abetting this illegal traffic" Origin -- obviate /ˈɒbvɪeɪt/ Learn to pronounce verb verb: obviate; 3rd person present: obviates; past tense: obviated; past participle: obviated; gerund or present participle: obviating remove (a need or difficulty). "the presence of roller blinds obviated the need for curtains" Similar: preclude prevent remove get rid of do away with get round rule out eliminate make unnecessary take away foreclose avoid avert counter avoid or prevent (something undesirable). "a parachute can be used to obviate disaster" Origin late 16th century: from late Latin obviat- ‘prevented’, from the verb obviare, based on Latin via ‘way’. -- hitherto /hɪðəˈtuː,ˈhɪðətuː/ Learn to pronounce adverb adverb: hitherto until now or until the point in time under discussion. "hitherto part of French West Africa, Benin achieved independence in 1960" Similar: previously formerly earlier so far thus far before beforehand -- MSME: Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises --- certitude /ˈsəːtɪtjuːd/ Learn to pronounce noun absolute certainty or conviction that something is the case. "the question may never be answered with certitude" Similar: certainty confidence sureness positiveness conviction reliability assuredness assurance Opposite: doubt something that someone firmly believes is true. plural noun: certitudes "the collapse of the old political certitudes in eastern Europe" -- commission /kəˈmɪʃ(ə)n/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: commission; plural noun: commissions 1. an instruction, command, or role given to a person or group. "one of his first commissions was to redesign the Great Exhibition building" Similar: task employment job work piece of work project mission assignment undertaking exercise enterprise endeavour solution duty charge responsibility burden office an order for something, especially a work of art, to be produced specially. "Mozart at last received a commission to write an opera" a work produced in response to a commission. "in that year Zeuxis painted his most famous commission" ARCHAIC the authority to perform a task or certain duties. "the divine Commission of Christ" Similar: warrant licence sanction authority 2. a group of people entrusted by a government or other official body with authority to do something. "a commission was appointed to investigate allegations of police violence" Similar: committee board board of commissioners council panel directorate advisory body advisorate convocation delegation 3. a sum, typically a set percentage of the value involved, paid to an agent in a commercial transaction. "foreign banks may charge a commission" Similar: percentage brokerage share portion dividend premium fee consideration bonus gratuity tip honorarium cut take whack rake-off slice slice of the cake piece of the action divvy apportionment quantum moiety 4. a warrant conferring the rank of officer in an army, navy, or air force. "he has resigned his commission" 5. the action of committing a crime or offence. "the commission of an arrestable offence" Similar: perpetration committing committal execution performance verb verb: commission; 3rd person present: commissions; past tense: commissioned; past participle: commissioned; gerund or present participle: commissioning 1. order or authorize the production of (something). "the portrait was commissioned by his widow in 1792" Similar: order put in an order for place an order for contract for pay for authorize bespeak order or authorize (a person or organization) to do or produce something. "they commissioned an architect to manage the building project" Similar: engage contract charge employ hire recruit retain appoint enlist co-opt book sign up authorize empower detail 2. bring (something newly produced) into working condition. "we had a few hiccups getting the heating equipment commissioned" 3. appoint (someone) to the rank of officer in an army, navy, or air force. "he was commissioned into the Royal Fusiliers" Phrases in commission in use or in service. "a reduced number of ships were retained in commission" out of commission not in service; not in working order. "my car is out of commission until a new clutch arrives" -- goodwill /ɡʊdˈwɪl/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: goodwill; noun: good-will 1. friendly, helpful, or cooperative feelings or attitude. "the scheme is dependent on goodwill between the two sides" Similar: benevolence compassion kind-heartedness big-heartedness goodness kindness kindliness consideration charity cooperation collaboration friendliness thoughtfulness decency amity sympathy understanding amenability neighbourliness mutual support Opposite: hostility 2. the established reputation of a business regarded as a quantifiable asset and calculated as part of its value when it is sold. -- impious /ɪmˈpʌɪəs,ˈɪmpɪəs/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: impious showing a lack of respect for God or religion. "the emperor's impious attacks on the Church" Similar: godless ungodly unholy irreligious sinful immoral unrighteous sacrilegious profane blasphemous irreverent disrespectful apostate atheistic non-theistic agnostic pagan heathen faithless non-believing unbelieving disbelieving doubting nullifidian Opposite: pious (of a person or act) wicked. "impious villains" Origin -- foregone /fɔːˈɡɒn/ Learn to pronounce verb past participle of forego2. adjectiveARCHAIC adjective: foregone past. "poets dream of lives foregone in worlds fantastical" Similar: past former earlier previous prior bygone old of old ancient long-ago forgotten of yore forepassed Phrases a foregone conclusion — a result that can be predicted with certainty. "the result of her trial was a foregone conclusion" forego1 verb past participle: foregone variant spelling of forgo. forego2 /fɔːˈɡəʊ/ verbARCHAIC past participle: foregone precede in place or time. "so Abdulmelik went away to his house, whither he found that the money had foregone him" forgo /fɔːˈɡəʊ,fəˈɡəʊ/ Learn to pronounce verb past participle: foregone go without (something desirable). "she wanted to forgo the tea and leave while they could" Similar: do without go without give up waive renounce surrender disavow relinquish part with drop sacrifice forswear abjure swear off steer clear of abandon cede yield abstain from refrain from eschew cut out decline refuse repudiate spurn Opposite: keep refrain from. "we forgo any comparison between the two men" Origin Old English forgān (see for-, go1). -- intrinsic /ɪnˈtrɪnsɪk/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: intrinsic belonging naturally; essential. "access to the arts is intrinsic to a high quality of life" Similar: inherent innate inborn inbred congenital natural native constitutional built-in ingrained deep-rooted inseparable permanent indelible ineradicable ineffaceable integral basic fundamental underlying constitutive elemental essential vital necessary connate connatural Opposite: extrinsic acquired Origin late 15th century (in the general sense ‘interior, inner’): from French intrinsèque, from late Latin intrinsecus, from the earlier adverb intrinsecus ‘inwardly, inwards’. -- bungled /ˈbʌŋɡ(ə)ld/ Learn to pronounce adjective (of a task) carried out clumsily or incompetently. "a bungled bank raid" -- temptress /ˈtɛm(p)trəs/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: temptress; plural noun: temptresses a woman who tempts someone to do something, typically a sexually attractive woman who sets out to allure or seduce someone. Similar: seductress siren femme fatale Mata Hari Delilah enchantress sorceress -- despair /dɪˈspɛː/ Learn to pronounce verb past tense: despaired; past participle: despaired lose or be without hope. "we should not despair" Similar: lose hope give up hope abandon hope give up lose heart be discouraged be despondent be demoralized resign oneself throw in the towel/sponge quit surrender be pessimistic look on the black side despond hopeless desperate anguished distressed broken-hearted heartbroken grief-stricken inconsolable sorrowing suicidal in despair dejected depressed despondent disconsolate gloomy melancholy miserable wretched desolate forlorn disheartened discouraged demoralized devastated downcast resigned defeatist pessimistic dolorous Opposite: cheerful optimistic Origin -- lest /lɛst/ Learn to pronounce conjunctionFORMAL with the intention of preventing (something undesirable); to avoid the risk of. "he spent whole days in his room, wearing headphones lest he disturb anyone" (after a clause indicating fear) because of the possibility of something undesirable happening; in case. "she sat up late worrying lest he be murdered on the way home" Similar: in case just in case for fear that in order to avoid -- musty /ˈmʌsti/ Learn to pronounce adjective having a stale, mouldy, or damp smell. "a dark musty library" Similar: mouldy stale fusty damp dank mildewed mildewy decayed smelly stuffy airless unventilated frowsty claggy funky mucid Opposite: fresh fragrant having a stale taste. "the beer tasted sour, thin, and musty" lacking freshness or vitality; old-fashioned. "the musty formalities of the occasion" Similar: unoriginal uninspired unimaginative hackneyed derivative -- cub /kʌb/ See definitions in: All Zoology Scouting Hunting noun noun: cub; plural noun: cubs; plural noun: Cubs 1. the young of a fox, bear, lion, or other carnivorous mammal. "she was as protective as a tiger with her cubs" Similar: baby whelp young offspring ARCHAIC a young man, especially one who is awkward or bad-mannered. "his sons are as yet mere cubs" 2. a junior branch of the Scout Association, for boys aged about 8 to 11. "she tells an anecdote about his wanting to join the Cubs" a member of the Cubs. "I was a Cub and already impatient to move up to the Scouts" verb verb: cub; 3rd person present: cubs; past tense: cubbed; past participle: cubbed; gerund or present participle: cubbing 1. give birth to cubs. "both share the same earth during the first ten days after cubbing" 2. hunt fox cubs. "members of the Grafton Hunt were out cubbing" Origin --- harrowing /ˈharəʊɪŋ/ Learn to pronounce adjective acutely distressing. "a harrowing film about racism and violence" -- epigraph /ˈɛpɪɡrɑːf/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: epigraph; plural noun: epigraphs 1. an inscription on a building, statue, or coin. 2. a short quotation or saying at the beginning of a book or chapter, intended to suggest its theme. Origin late 16th century (denoting the heading of a document or letter): from Greek epigraphē, from epigraphein ‘write on’. -- willy-nilly /wɪlɪˈnɪli/ adverb adverb: willy-nilly 1. whether one likes it or not. "he would be forced to collaborate willy-nilly" Similar: whether one likes it or not of necessity necessarily one way or the other nolens volens like it or not like it or lump it perforce 2. without direction or planning; haphazardly. "politicians expanded spending programmes willy-nilly" Similar: haphazardly at random randomly without planning without method Origin early 17th century: later spelling of will I, nill I ‘I am willing, I am unwilling’. -- lore1 /lɔː/ noun noun: lore a body of traditions and knowledge on a subject or held by a particular group, typically passed from person to person by word of mouth. "the jinns of Arabian lore" Similar: mythology myths legends stories traditions folklore culture beliefs sayings superstitions fantasy oral tradition mythos mythus knowledge learning wisdom know-how how-to Origin Old English lār ‘instruction’, of Germanic origin: related to Dutch leer, German Lehre, also to learn. lore2 /lɔː/ nounZOOLOGY noun: lore; plural noun: lores the surface on each side of a bird's head between the eye and the upper base of the beak, or between the eye and nostril in snakes. Origin early 19th century: from Latin lorum ‘strap’. -- purview /ˈpəːvjuː/ Learn to pronounce nounFORMAL noun: purview the scope of the influence or concerns of something. "such a case might be within the purview of the legislation" range of experience or thought. "social taboos meant that little information was likely to come within the purview of women generally" Origin -- vagary /ˈveɪɡ(ə)ri/ Learn to pronounce noun plural noun: vagaries an unexpected and inexplicable change in a situation or in someone's behaviour. "the vagaries of the weather" Similar: quirk idiosyncrasy peculiarity oddity eccentricity unpredictability fluctuation foible whim whimsy notion conceit caprice fancy kink crotchet hang-up thing megrim singularity Origin late 16th century (also as a verb in the sense ‘roam’): from Latin vagari ‘wander’. -- outmoded /aʊtˈməʊdɪd/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: outmoded old-fashioned. "an outmoded Victorian building" h Similar: out of date old-fashioned outdated out of fashion outworn dated -- beset /bɪˈsɛt/ Learn to pronounce verb verb: beset; 3rd person present: besets; past tense: beset; past participle: beset; gerund or present participle: besetting 1. (of a problem or difficulty) trouble (someone or something) persistently. "the social problems that beset the UK" h Similar: plague bedevil attack assail beleaguer afflict torment torture rack oppress trouble worry bother harass hound harry dog surround and harass. "I was beset by clouds of flies" h Similar: surround besiege hem in shut in fence in box in encircle ring round enclose hem in. "the ship was beset by ice and finally sank" 2. archaic be covered or studded with. "springy grass all beset with tiny jewel-like flowers" Phrases besetting sin — a fault to which a person or institution is especially prone. "there was a danger of the country reverting to its besetting sin of complacency" Origin -- glean /ɡliːn/ Learn to pronounce verb past tense: gleaned; past participle: gleaned 1. obtain (information) from various sources, often with difficulty. "the information is gleaned from press cuttings" h Similar: obtain get take draw derive extract cull garner gather reap select choose pick learn find out collect gradually. "objects gleaned from local markets" 2. historical gather (leftover grain) after a harvest. "the conditions of farm workers in the 1890s made gleaning essential" Origin late Middle English: from Old French glener, from late Latin glennare, probably of Celtic origin. -- vicissitude /vɪˈsɪsɪtjuːd,vʌɪˈsɪsɪtjuːd/ Learn to pronounce noun plural noun: vicissitudes 1. a change of circumstances or fortune, typically one that is unwelcome or unpleasant. "her husband's sharp vicissitudes of fortune" h Similar: change alteration alternation transformation metamorphosis transmutation mutation modification transition development shift switch turn reversal reverse downturn inconstancy instability uncertainty unpredictability chanciness fickleness variability changeability fluctuation vacillation ups and downs 2. literary alternation between opposite or contrasting things. "the vicissitude of the seasons" Origin -- ex officio /ˌɛks əˈfɪʃɪəʊ/ adverb · adjective adverb: ex officio; adjective: ex officio by virtue of one's position or status. "an ex officio member of the committee" Origin Latin, from ex ‘out of, from’ + officium ‘duty’. -- steep1 /stiːp/ Learn to pronounce See definitions in: all skiing cooking adjective adjective: steep; comparative adjective: steeper; superlative adjective: steepest 1. (of a slope, flight of stairs, or angle) rising or falling sharply; almost perpendicular. "she pushed the bike up the steep hill" h Similar: precipitous sheer abrupt sharp perpendicular vertical bluff vertiginous dizzy declivitous acclivitous scarped h Opposite: gentle (of a rise or fall in an amount) very large or rapid. "the steep rise in unemployment" h Similar: sharp sudden precipitate precipitous rapid h Opposite: gradual 2. informal (of a price or demand) not reasonable; excessive. "a steep membership fee" h Similar: expensive dear costly high stiff unreasonable excessive overpriced exorbitant extortionate outrageous prohibitive over the odds pricey over the top OTT criminal h Opposite: reasonable dated (of a claim or account) exaggerated or incredible. "this is a rather steep statement" nounliterary•Skiing noun: steep; plural noun: steeps a steep mountain slope. "hair-raising steeps" --- insolvency /ɪnˈsɒlv(ə)nsi/ noun: insolvency; plural noun: insolvencies the state of being insolvent. "the club was facing insolvency" Similar: bankruptcy liquidation failure collapse ruin financial ruin ruination pennilessness penury impecuniousness beggary administration receivership folding pauperdom Opposite: solvency --- entrant /ˈɛntr(ə)nt/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: entrant; plural noun: entrants a person or group that enters or takes part in something. "the prize will be awarded to the entrant who wins the tiebreak" h Similar: new member new arrival beginner newcomer fresher freshman recruit new boy/girl novice trainee apprentice probationer tyro initiate neophyte tenderfoot hire rookie greenhorn new kid newbie cub competitor contestant contender challenger participant player candidate applicant Opposite: veteran Origin -- outgo noun Indian noun: outgo /ˈaʊtɡəʊ/ the outlay of money. "the secret of success lies in the relation of income to outgo" verb archaic verb: outgo; 3rd person present: outgoes; past tense: outwent; gerund or present participle: outgoing; past participle: outgone /ˈaʊtɡəʊ/ go faster than. "he on horseback outgoes him on foot" -- pare /pɛː/ Learn to pronounce verb 3rd person present: pares trim (something) by cutting away its outer edges. "Carlo pared his thumbnails with his knife" h Similar: cut (off) trim (off) peel (off) shave (off) strip (off) clip (off) skin decorticate excoriate cut off (the outer skin) of something. "pare off the rind using a peeler" reduce (something) in size, extent, or quantity in a number of small successive stages. "union leaders publicly pared down their demands" h Similar: reduce diminish decrease cut cut back/down make cutbacks in whittle away/down salami-slice trim slim down prune lower lessen retrench curtail Origin Middle English: from Old French parer ‘adorn, prepare’, also ‘peel, trim’, from Latin parare ‘prepare’. Translate pares to Use over time for: pares -- assent /əˈsɛnt/ Learn to pronounce noun the expression of approval or agreement. "a loud murmur of assent" verb express approval or agreement. "the Prime Minister assented to the change" Similar: agree to accept approve consent to acquiesce in concur in accede to give one's blessing to bless rubber-stamp say yes to ratify sanction endorse authorize mandate license warrant validate pass confirm support back give one's permission/leave give the go-ahead to give the green light to give the OK to OK give the thumbs up to give the nod say the word buy Opposite: dissent from refuse Tip Similar-sounding words assent is sometimes confused with ascent -- non-committal /nɒnkəˈmɪt(ə)l/ adjective: non-committal; adjective: noncommittal not expressing or revealing commitment to a definite opinion or course of action. "her tone was non-committal, and her face gave nothing away" Similar: evasive equivocal temporizing guarded circumspect reserved -- uh-huh /ˈʌhʌ/ exclamation used to express assent or as a non-committal response to a question or remark. "‘Do you understand?’ ‘Uh-huh.’" -- pursuant /pəˈsjuːənt/ Learn to pronounce adverbFORMAL in accordance with (a law or a legal document or resolution). "the local authority applied for care orders pursuant to section 31 of the Children Act 1989" adjectiveARCHAIC following; going in pursuit. -- 1. dire straits - a state of extreme distress. desperate straits. straits, strait, pass - a bad or difficult situation or state of affairs. Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. -- ratify /ˈratɪfʌɪ/ Learn to pronounce verb past tense: ratified; past participle: ratified sign or give formal consent to (a treaty, contract, or agreement), making it officially valid. "both countries were due to ratify the treaty by the end of the year" Similar: confirm approve sanction endorse agree to accept -- glistening /ˈɡlɪs(ə)nɪŋ/ Learn to pronounce adjective shining with a sparkling light. "the glistening golden dome" -- siphon /ˈsʌɪf(ə)n/ Learn to pronounce verb past tense: siphoned; past participle: siphoned draw off or convey (liquid) by means of a siphon. "a piece of tubing was used to siphon petrol" draw off or transfer over a period of time, especially illegally or unfairly. "he's been siphoning money off the firm" Origin -- blood-curdling /ˈblʌdkəːdlɪŋ/ adjective adjective: bloodcurdling causing or expressing terror or horror. "a blood-curdling scream" Similar: terrifying frightening spine-chilling hair-raising chilling horrifying petrifying -- bristling /ˈbrɪslɪŋ/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: bristling 1. (especially of hair) short, stiff, and spiky. "a bristling beard" 2. aggressively brisk or tense. "he fills the screen with a restless, bristling energy" bristle /ˈbrɪs(ə)l/ Learn to pronounce verb gerund or present participle: bristling 1. (of hair or fur) stand upright away from the skin, typically as a sign of anger or fear. "the hair on the back of his neck bristled" Similar: rise stand up stand on end horripilate (of an animal) react in such a way that its hair or fur stands on end. "the cat bristled in annoyance" (of a person) react angrily or defensively. "she bristled at his rudeness" Similar: get angry become infuriated be furious be maddened bridle become indignant be irritated get/have one's hackles up feel one's hackles rise rear up draw oneself up flare up see red take offence take umbrage be defensive 2. be covered with or abundant in. "the roof bristled with antennae" Similar: abound swarm teem crawl overflow hum be alive be packed be crowded be thronged be jammed be infested be full be covered be thick be crawling be lousy be stuffed be jam-packed be chock-a-block be chock-full Origin Middle English: from Old English byrst (of Germanic origin, related to German Borste ) + -le1. -- potshot /ˈpɒtʃɒt/ noun noun: potshot; plural noun: potshots; noun: pot-shot; plural noun: pot-shots a shot aimed at a person or thing that happens to be within easy reach. "a sniper took a potshot at him" a criticism, especially a random or unfounded one. "the show takes wickedly funny potshots at as many movies as it can muster" Origin mid 19th century: originally a shot at an animal intended for the pot, i.e. purely for food, rather than for display (which would require skilled shooting according to hunting rules). -- Silver lining Idiom A silver lining is a metaphor for optimism in the common English-language which means a negative occurrence may have a positive aspect to it. -- disquieting /dɪsˈkwʌɪətɪŋ/ Learn to pronounce adjective inducing feelings of anxiety or worry. "he found Jean's gaze disquieting" -- per se /pəː ˈseɪ/ adverb adverb: per se; adverb: perse by or in itself or themselves; intrinsically. "it is not these facts per se that are important" Similar: in itself of itself by itself as such intrinsically by its very nature in essence by definition essentially Origin Latin. -- ipso facto /ˌɪpsəʊ ˈfaktəʊ/ adverb adverb: ipso facto by that very fact or act. "the enemy of one's enemy may be ipso facto a friend" Origin Latin. -- abstruse /əbˈstruːs/ Learn to pronounce adjective adjective: abstruse difficult to understand; obscure. "an abstruse philosophical inquiry" Similar: obscure arcane esoteric little known recherché rarefied recondite difficult hard puzzling perplexing enigmatic inscrutable cryptic Delphic complex complicated involved over/above one's head incomprehensible unfathomable impenetrable mysterious involute involuted Opposite: clear obvious Origin -- grapple /ˈɡrap(ə)l/ Learn to pronounce verb verb: grapple; 3rd person present: grapples; past tense: grappled; past participle: grappled; gerund or present participle: grappling 1. engage in a close fight or struggle without weapons; wrestle. "passers-by grappled with the man after the knife attack" Similar: wrestle struggle tussle brawl fight scuffle clash combat battle close engage seize hold of (someone). "he grappled the young man around the throat" Similar: seize grab lay hold of take hold of grip hold grasp clasp clench catch hold of catch lay one's hands on get one's hands on Opposite: let go of release struggle to deal with or overcome (a difficulty or challenge). "other towns are still grappling with the problem" Similar: tackle confront address oneself to face attend to attack get down to deal with cope with get/come to grips with concentrate on focus on apply oneself to devote oneself to get stuck into get cracking on get weaving on have a crack at have a go at have a shot at have a stab at Opposite: avoid 2. ARCHAIC seize or hold with a grappling hook. noun noun: grapple; plural noun: grapples 1. an act of grappling. INFORMAL a wrestling match. 2. an instrument for seizing hold of something; a grappling hook. Origin -- cohort /ˈkəʊhɔːt/ Learn to pronounce See definitions in: All History Statistics noun 1. an ancient Roman military unit, comprising six centuries, equal to one tenth of a legion. Similar: unit outfit force army group corps division brigade battalion regiment squadron company commando battery troop section patrol cadre crew detachment contingent column squad detail band legion 2. a group of people with a shared characteristic. "a cohort of civil servants patiently drafting legislation" -- perish /ˈpɛrɪʃ/ Learn to pronounce verb 1. LITERARY die, especially in a violent or sudden way. "a great part of his army perished of hunger and disease" Similar: die lose one's life be killed fall expire meet one's death be lost lay down one's life breathe one's last draw one's last breath pass away go the way of all flesh give up the ghost go to glory meet one's maker go to one's last resting place cross the great divide bite the dust kick the bucket cash in one's chips croak flatline turn up one's toes shuffle off this mortal coil go the way of the dinosaurs conk out buy it snuff it peg out pop one's clogs hop the twig/stick bite the big one buy the farm check out hand in one's dinner pail go bung exit decease depart this life 2. (of rubber, food, etc.) lose its normal qualities; rot or decay. "an abandoned tyre whose rubber had perished" Similar: go bad go off spoil rot go mouldy moulder putrefy decay decompose deteriorate disintegrate fall apart crumble Tip Similar-sounding words perish is sometimes confused with parish -- antsy /ˈantsi/ Learn to pronounce adjectiveINFORMAL•NORTH AMERICAN adjective: antsy; comparative adjective: antsier; superlative adjective: antsiest agitated, impatient, or restless. "Dick got antsy the day he put to sea" Similar: agitated anxious fidgety jumpy fretful restless stir-crazy wired Origin mid 19th century: probably from the phrase have ants in one's pants (see ant). -- scoff1 /skɒf/ Learn to pronounce verb past tense: scoffed; past participle: scoffed speak to someone or about something in a scornfully derisive or mocking way. "Patrick professed to scoff at soppy love scenes in films" Similar: mock deride ridicule sneer at be scornful about treat contemptuously -- shudder /ˈʃʌdə/ Learn to pronounce verb past tense: shuddered; past participle: shuddered (of a person) tremble convulsively, typically as a result of fear or revulsion. "she still shuddered at the thought of him" Similar: shake shiver tremble quiver quaver vibrate palpitate flutter quake heave convulse (especially of a vehicle, machine, or building) shake or vibrate deeply. "the train shuddered and edged forward" (of a person's breathing) be unsteady, especially as a result of emotional disturbance. "he drew a deep, shuddering breath" Origin Middle English (as a verb): from Middle Dutch schūderen, from a Germanic base meaning ‘shake’. -- stargaze /ˈstɑːɡeɪz/ Learn to pronounce verb gerund or present participle: stargazing 1. observe the stars. "a telescope for stargazing through a retractable roof" 2. observe celebrities. "the town has been busy stargazing as British superstars jetted in for the grand finale" -- crummy /ˈkrʌmi/ Learn to pronounce INFORMAL adjective superlative adjective: crummiest dirty, unpleasant, or of poor quality. "a crummy little room" Similar: inferior substandard below standard below par poor bad deficient defective faulty imperfect mediocre inadequate insufficient appalling abject abysmal atrocious awful terrible dreadful unsatisfactory low-grade second-rate third-rate jerry-built shoddy crude tinny trashy rubbishy miserable wretched lamentable deplorable pitiful execrable unpleasant disagreeable uncomfortable nasty horrible dismal hateful frightful unacceptable dire bum diabolical rotten sad tatty tenth-rate ropy duff rubbish pants a load of pants grotty weak sauce direful egregious vulgar slangcrap crappy unwell. "I've been feeling pretty crummy the last few days" Origin mid 19th century (earlier in the literal senses ‘crumbly’ and ‘like or covered with crumbs’): variant of crumby. -- cockamamie /ˈkɒkəˌmeɪmi/ adjectiveINFORMAL•NORTH AMERICAN ridiculous; implausible. "a cockamamie theory" -- wallop /ˈwɒləp/ Learn to pronounce INFORMAL verb past tense: walloped; past participle: walloped strike or hit very hard. "they walloped the back of his head with a stick" Similar: hit strike beat batter thump pound attack assault knock rap smack thwack slap pummel punch rain blows on belabour hammer cudgel thrash bang drub welt cuff crack buffet box someone's ears bash clobber clout clip whack belt tan biff bop lay into pitch into lace into let someone have it sock lam whomp stick one on slosh boff bust slug light into whale dong quilt smite swinge heavily defeat (an opponent). "we were walloped by Milan" Origin --
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