Tuesday, April 7, 2026

Nifty50’s 4-month decline is rare -- Does history signal a rebound for the Indian stock market?


Lessons in Investing    Other Articles on Nifty50    <<< Previously

For Nifty episodes involving 4 or more consecutive negative months and measuring returns from the end of the full streak, the subsequent outcomes have historically been strong.

A rare occurrence for the benchmark Nifty 50 index—four consecutive months of decline—has dampened investor sentiment. However, historical trends suggest such phases have often improved the odds of stronger future returns.

Markets rarely move in a straight line, and periods of sustained decline have typically been followed by recovery, according to DSP Mutual Fund’s April edition of its Netra report.

Data shows that four straight monthly declines in the Nifty 50 are uncommon. In March, the index recorded a 11.3% loss—its worst monthly fall in six years—marking the fourth consecutive monthly drop during which it lost 15%. Such a streak of four or more months of losses has occurred only seven times historically, the fund house noted.

For Nifty episodes involving 4 or more consecutive negative months and measuring returns from the end of the full streak, the subsequent outcomes have historically been strong, the fund house said. According to its analysis, across the seven completed cases, the average return was 12.2% over three months, 22.4% over six months and 40.7% over a year; the median return was 13.9%, 17.0%, and 20.8%, respectively. 

Negative streak length (Months) Episodes Share of all streaks Avg full decline Avg 3M return Avg 6M return Avg 1Y return
1 month 57 54.2% -4.2% 10.4% 13.2% 22.4%
2 months 28 26.7% -10.8% 9.6% 10.0% 21.0%
3 months 13 12.4% -13.2% 3.7% 10.9% 21.9%
4+ months 7 6.7% -23.3% 12.2% 22.4% 40.7%

But a historical trend cannot be the only factor behind the rebound.

Stock market outlook

These four months of pessimism, especially seen in March due to the US-Iran war, have made Nifty 50's valuations more palatable. Nifty is trading below its long-period average multiples of 18.9x; while it is not cheap, it has certainly fallen between its fair and average valuations, making it a prudent time to start raising weightage in equities, opined DSP MF. The fund house also dropped its conservative stance on equities. Echoing a similar positive view on stocks, Sunny Agrawal, Head of Fundamental Research at SBI Securities, said that the recent sell-off is largely driven by liquidity concerns and global uncertainty due to ongoing geopolitical tensions. "Valuations have already become attractive, and the earnings outlook remains strong for FY27 and FY28, particularly in the mid- and small-cap space. From a valuation perspective, conditions are now favourable." He believes the time is right to accumulate quality businesses in your portfolio. He added that once the conflict is resolved in the coming weeks and once stability returns, there could be a solid runway for a stock market rally over the next two to three years. The US-Israeli conflict with Iran has hammered domestic equities, as the crude oil spike amid supply disruptions has resulted in mass FPI exodus, rupee weakness and uncertainty regarding earnings growth. Commenting on the market outlook, Dr VK Vijayakumar, Chief Investment Strategist at Geojit Financial Services, said that the market has largely discounted the known bad news. If the war escalates and Brent crude remains above $110 for long, India’s growth and corporate earnings will be hit, and the market will discount that with another round of correction, he noted. Ref

Monday, April 6, 2026

Update on Llama Family of AI Models From Meta (Apr 2026)

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<<< Previously

What happened to the llama family of AI models?

The
Llama (Large Language Model Meta AI) family has evolved from a leaked research project into the industry standard for "open-weights" AI. Developed by Meta, these models are free for most users and can be run locally on personal hardware.
Current Status: Llama 4
As of April 2025, Meta has transitioned to the Llama 4 generation, which features "natively multimodal" capabilities—meaning it can understand text, images, audio, and video simultaneously.
Key models in the current lineup include:
  • Llama 4 Scout: A highly efficient multimodal model supporting a massive 10 million token context window, allowing it to process entire libraries of information at once.
  • Llama 4 Maverick: A 400-billion parameter model (with 17 billion active parameters via Mixture-of-Experts) designed for high-performance text and image understanding.
  • Llama 4 Behemoth: A massive "teacher" model with 288 billion active parameters, setting new benchmarks for non-reasoning tasks like math and multilinguality.
Evolution of the Family
  • Llama 1 (Feb 2023): Originally intended for researchers, it was famously leaked online shortly after release.
  • Llama 2 (July 2023): Explicitly released for commercial use, sparking the "local LLM" movement.
  • Llama 3 & 3.1 (April–July 2024): Introduced much larger parameter counts (up to 405B) and significantly improved multilingual support.
  • Llama 4 (April 2025): Shifted the focus to native multimodality and extreme context windows.
Impact and Availability
The Llama family is considered a successful "open" model, with over one billion downloads as of 2025. Developers can download and run these models without a subscription, unlike some competitors. The models are available through platforms like Hugging Face or Meta's official Llama site.



Has Meta stopped opensourcing it's LLMs?

Meta has
not fully stopped releasing "open-weights" models, but as of April 2026, the company has significantly shifted its strategy away from the "open-source everything" philosophy it championed in 2024.
While recent models like
Llama 4 Scout
and
Maverick
remain available for download and local use, Meta is increasingly moving toward a "closed" or proprietary model for its most powerful upcoming technology.
The Current Strategy Shift
  • The "Avocado" Model: Reports indicate that Meta's next frontier model, codenamed Avocado (expected in Q2 2026), will likely be closed-source. This would be Meta's first major departure from the Llama open-weight tradition, designed as a proprietary, "money-making" competitor to OpenAI and Google.
  • Safety & Superintelligence: Mark Zuckerberg has clarified that while Meta wants to lead in open source, it will no longer open-source "everything". Specifically, as models approach "superintelligence" levels, Meta cites safety concerns and the risk of adversarial use by state-level actors as reasons to keep certain weights private.
  • Commercial Pressures: After investing over $600 billion in AI infrastructure, Meta is under pressure to monetize its AI research directly through APIs and enterprise services rather than just giving the technology away for free.
What is Still "Open"?
  • Llama 4 Series: The "Scout" and "Maverick" versions released in 2025 are still available as open-weights models.
  • Community Ecosystem: Meta continues to support platforms like Hugging Face and partners like Nvidia and Databricks for hosting and fine-tuning existing Llama models.
  • Licensing Realities: It is important to note that the Open Source Initiative (OSI) and other purists have long argued Llama was never truly open source because Meta withheld training data and imposed usage restrictions on large companies.
Would you like to know more about the capabilities of Llama 4 or the specific licensing restrictions for large-scale commercial use?