Thursday, July 21, 2022

Oxy G Capsule (Nutraceutical)

Oxy G Capsule
Manufacturer: Sanjivani Parenteral Ltd

Information about Oxy G Capsule

Oxy G Capsule contains spirulina, is a powerful antioxidant along with Vitamin, Mineral. Spirulina is a microalgae, rich in 70% Protein, 7% Lipid, Omega 3 fatty acids, and high in Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), with all essential amino acids, including Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Spirulina is a rich source of Vitamins, including Vitamin B, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, and Minerals like Potassium, Calcium, Chromium, Copper, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Phosphorus, Selenium, Sodium, and Zinc. Vitamins and minerals are also used to treat vitamin or mineral deficiencies caused by illness, pregnancy, poor nutrition, digestive disorders, certain medications, and many other conditions. Oxy G Capsule help in fight and prevent cancer, provide eye health, loaded with antioxidants, help reduce appetite, aids digestion, improves wound healing, have anti-aging property, increases energy, purifies liver, removes heavy metals from the body, increase fat burning, detoxes the body, and boosts immune system. Use under medical supervision.
Tags: Medicine

Ducef 500 (Cefuroxime)

Ducef 500 Tablet

Prescription Required

Manufacturer
Medishri Healthcare

SALT COMPOSITION
Cefuroxime (500mg)

Storage
Store below 30°C

Product introduction

Ducef 500 Tablet is an antibiotic medicine used to treat bacterial infections in your body. It is effective in infections of the lungs (e.g., pneumonia), ear, throat, nasal sinus, urinary tract, skin, soft tissues, bones, and joints. It is also used to prevent infections during surgery. Ducef 500 Tablet should be taken with food to avoid an upset stomach. You should take it regularly at evenly spaced intervals as per the schedule prescribed by your doctor. Taking it at the same time every day will help you to remember to take it. The dose will depend on what you are being treated for, but you should always complete a full course of this antibiotic as prescribed by your doctor. Do not stop taking it until you have finished, even when you feel better. If you stop taking it early, some bacteria may survive and the infection may come back. It will not work for viral infections such as flu or the common cold. Using any antibiotic when you do not need it can make it less effective for future infections. The most common side effects of this medicine include rash, vomiting, increased liver enzymes, nausea, and diarrhea. These are usually mild but let your doctor know if they bother you or last more than a few days. Before using it, you should tell your doctor if you are allergic to any antibiotics or have any kidney or liver problems. You should also let your doctor know all other medicines you are taking as they may affect, or be affected by this medicine. Pregnant and breastfeeding mothers should consult their doctor before using it.

Uses of Ducef Tablet

Treatment of Bacterial infections

Benefits of Ducef Tablet

In Treatment of Bacterial infections Ducef 500 Tablet is a versatile antibiotic medicine that kills the infection-causing bacteria in your body. This medicine is used to treat many different types of infections such as those of the lungs (pneumonia), ear, abdomen, urinary tract, bones, joints, skin and soft tissues. This medicine usually makes you feel better within a few days, but you should continue taking it as prescribed even when you feel better. Stopping it early may make the infection come back and harder to treat.

Side effects of Ducef Tablet

Most side effects do not require any medical attention and disappear as your body adjusts to the medicine. Consult your doctor if they persist or if you’re worried about them: Common side effects of Ducef Rash Vomiting Allergic reaction Increased liver enzymes Nausea Diarrhea

How to use Ducef Tablet

Take this medicine in the dose and duration as advised by your doctor. Swallow it as a whole. Do not chew, crush or break it. Ducef 500 Tablet is to be taken with food. Avoid Ducef 500 Tablet with dietary sodium.

How Ducef Tablet works

Ducef 500 Tablet is an antibiotic. It kills bacteria by preventing them from forming the bacterial protective covering (cell wall) which is needed for them to survive.

Safety advice

Driving NOT RELEVANT Not relevant, as Ducef 500 Tablet is intended for use in hospitalised patients.

Fact Box

Chemical Class Intermediate spectrum {Second generation cephalosporins} Habit Forming No Therapeutic Class ANTI INFECTIVES Action Class Cephalosporins: 2nd generation
Tags: Medicine

Ranitin 150 Tablet

Ranitin 150 Tablet

Prescription Required

Manufacturer
Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd

SALT COMPOSITION
Ranitidine (150mg)

Storage
Store below 30°C

Product introduction

Ranitin 150 Tablet is a medicine that reduces the amount of acid your stomach makes. It is used to treat and prevent heartburn, indigestion, and other symptoms caused by too much acid in the stomach. It is also used to treat and prevent stomach ulcers, reflux disease, and some rarer conditions. Ranitin 150 Tablet is also commonly prescribed to prevent stomach ulcers and heartburn seen with the use of painkillers. The medicine must be taken in dose and duration as prescribed by the doctor. How much you need, and how often you take it, will depend on what you are being treated for. Follow the advice of your doctor. This medicine should relieve indigestion and heartburn within a few hours and you may only need to take it for a short time when you have symptoms. If you are taking it to prevent ulcers and other conditions you may need to take it for longer. You should keep taking it regularly to prevent problems from happening in the future. You may be able to help improve your symptoms by eating smaller meals more often and avoiding spicy or fatty foods. Most people who take it do not have any side effects but the most common include headache, constipation, feeling drowsy or tired, and diarrhea. If you do get a side effect, it is usually mild and will go away when you stop taking this medicine or as you adjust to it. Consult your doctor if any of these side effects bother you or do not go away. Before taking it, you should tell your doctor if you have any kidney or liver problems. This may affect the dose or suitability of this medicine. Also tell your doctor what other medicines you are taking as some may affect, or be affected by, this medicine. This medicine is usually considered safe to take during pregnancy and breastfeeding if it has been prescribed by a doctor. Avoid drinking alcohol as this can increase the amount of acid in your stomach and make your symptoms worse.

Uses of Ranitin Tablet

Treatment of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Acid reflux) Treatment of Peptic ulcer disease

Benefits of Ranitin Tablet

In Treatment of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Acid reflux) Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic condition. It happens because a muscle above your stomach relaxes too much and allows stomach contents to come back up into your esophagus and mouth. Ranitin 150 Tablet belongs to a group of medicines called H2-receptor antagonists. It reduces the amount of acid your stomach makes and relieves the pain associated with heartburn and acid reflux. You should take it exactly as it is prescribed for it to be effective. Some simple lifestyle changes can help stop or reduce heartburn. Think about what foods trigger heartburn and try to avoid them; eat smaller more frequent meals; try to lose weight if you are overweight and try to find ways to relax. Do not eat within 3–4 hours of going to bed. In Treatment of Peptic ulcer disease Stomach ulcers are usually caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or Helicobacter pylori bacteria. They both break down the stomach’s defense against the acid it produces to digest food. This damaged the stomach and allows an ulcer to form. Ranitin 150 Tablet may be used to treat these ulcers. It reduces the amount of acid your stomach makes, preventing further damage to the ulcer as it heals naturally. You may be given other medicines depending on what caused the ulcer. You need to keep taking the medicine as it is prescribed for it to be effective, even if the symptoms seem to disappear. It may also be prescribed to prevent stomach ulcers from forming by reducing the amount of acid.

Side effects of Ranitin Tablet

Most side effects do not require any medical attention and disappear as your body adjusts to the medicine. Consult your doctor if they persist or if you’re worried about them: Common side effects of Ranitin Sleepiness Headache Tiredness Constipation Diarrhea

Safety advice

Alcohol UNSAFE It is unsafe to consume alcohol with Ranitin 150 Tablet.

Fact Box

Chemical Class Aralkylamines Derivative Habit Forming No Therapeutic Class GASTRO INTESTINAL Action Class H2 Receptor Blocker
Tags: Medicine

Safexim 200 (Cefixime Dispersible, Abbott)

Safexime 200mg Tablet

Prescription Required

MANUFACTURER
Biosafe Formulations

SALT COMPOSITION
Cefixime (200mg)

STORAGE
Store below 30°C

PRODUCT INTRODUCTION

Safexime 200mg Tablet is an antibiotic belonging that is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It is effective in infections of the respiratory tract (eg. pneumonia), urinary tract, ear, nasal sinus, throat, and some sexually transmitted diseases. Safexime 200mg Tablet should be given under the supervision of a doctor or health professional. Use it regularly at evenly spaced intervals as per the schedule prescribed by your doctor. Using it at the same time every day will help you remember to take it. The dose will depend on what you are being treated for, but you should always complete the full course of this antibiotic as prescribed by your doctor. Do not stop taking it until you have finished, even when you feel better. If you stop taking it early, some bacteria may survive and the infection may come back or worsen. It will not work for viral infections such as flu or common cold. Using any antibiotic when you do not need it can make it less effective for future infections. The most common side effects of this medicine include nausea, stomach pain, indigestion, and diarrhea. These are usually mild but let your doctor know if they bother you or do not go away. Before taking it, you should let your doctor know if you are allergic to any antibiotics or have any kidney or liver problems. You should also let your healthcare team know all other medicines you are taking as they may affect, or be affected by this medicine. This medicine is generally regarded as safe to use during pregnancy and breastfeeding if prescribed by a doctor.

USES OF SAFEXIME TABLET

Treatment of Bacterial infections BENEFITS OF SAFEXIME TABLET In Treatment of Bacterial infections Safexime 200mg Tablet is an antibiotic medicine that works by killing the infection-causing bacteria in your body. It is effective for bacterial infections of the lungs, throat, and urinary tract among others. This medicine usually makes you feel better within a few days, but you should continue taking it as prescribed even when you feel better. Stopping it early may make the infection come back and harder to treat.

SIDE EFFECTS OF SAFEXIME TABLET

Most side effects do not require any medical attention and disappear as your body adjusts to the medicine. Consult your doctor if they persist or if you’re worried about them: Common side effects of Safexime Nausea Stomach pain Indigestion Diarrhea

HOW SAFEXIME TABLET WORKS

Safexime 200mg Tablet is an antibiotic. It kills the bacteria by preventing them from forming the bacterial protective covering (cell wall) which is needed for them to survive.

SAFETY ADVICE

Kidney CAUTION Safexime 200mg Tablet should be used with caution in patients with kidney disease. Dose adjustment of Safexime 200mg Tablet may be needed. Please consult your doctor. Liver CAUTION Safexime 200mg Tablet should be used with caution in patients with liver disease. Dose adjustment of Safexime 200mg Tablet may be needed. Please consult your doctor.

Fact Box

Chemical Class Broad spectrum (Third & fourth generation cephalosporins} Habit Forming No Therapeutic Class ANTI INFECTIVES Action Class Cephalosporins: 3 generation
Tags: Medicine

Student Update (2022-Jul-21)

Index of Journals

Counting

Srishti Patel Class: Nursery Till: 11 Komal Kumari Class: 4 Till: 16 Piyush Kumar Class: 1 Till: 100

Tables

Kusum Kumari Class: 5 Till: 2 Yash Kashyap Class: 5 Till: 11 Piyush Kumar Class: 1 Till: 3

Subtraction

Yash Kashyap Class: 5 Level: 1 Kusum Kumari Class: 5 Level: 1
Tags: Student Update,

Animation for Single Digit Subtraction

Subtraction is taking out a couple of items from several of those. For example: let us say you have basket with 7 apples and you take out 2 apples from it. Now, how many apples are left in the basket? The answer would be when you substract the quantity that you are taking out (i.e., 2) from the quantity that was there (i.e., 7). So the answer is: 7 - 2 = 5. You are left with 5 apples in the basket.

Note: We will subtract the smaller number from the larger number.


Select first number:

 

Select second number:

 

What you are seeing below is as many sticks as the larger of the two numbers:





Tags: Mathematical Foundations for Data Science,

Wednesday, July 20, 2022

NLP Questions and Answers (Set 3 of 6 Questions)

Single Choice Correct

Ques 1. 

Which of the following models gives higher weightage to stop words?

- Bag of words model (Correct)
- TF-IDF model 

Ques 2. 

Suppose you want to create a TF-IDF vector and you learn that it is possible that your current data doesn't contain all the words you are likely to see in real life. You then decide to use the dictionary of the language as the features for the vector.
Which of these problems are you likely to run into?

- TF-IDF values for some words will be 0.
- TF-IDF vectorization throws divide by zero error for words not in the corpus (Theoretically Correct)
- TF-IDF values for all words will be less than 1.


Practically, feature_extraction module does not produce feature out of words during testing time that it did not see during training time.

from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizer import sklearn print(sklearn.__version__) # 0.24.1 corpus = [ 'This is the first document.', 'This document is the second document.', 'And this is the third one.', 'Is this the first document?', ] vectorizer = TfidfVectorizer(smooth_idf = False, min_df = 0) X = vectorizer.fit_transform(corpus) # array(['and', 'document', 'first', 'is', 'one', 'second', 'the', 'third', 'this'], ...) print("X:") print(X) print() print("X.shape: " + str(X.shape)) # (4, 9) print() corpus_test = ['This is Ashish Jain speaking.'] X_test = vectorizer.transform(corpus_test) print("X_test:") print(X_test) print("X_test.shape: ") print(X_test.shape) print("type(X_test): " + str(type(X_test)))

Output

(base) $ python "tfidf - experimenting with parameters.py" 0.24.1 X: (0, 1) 0.4694172843223779 (0, 2) 0.6172273175654565 (0, 6) 0.3645443967613799 (0, 3) 0.3645443967613799 (0, 8) 0.3645443967613799 (1, 5) 0.6095324555037936 (1, 1) 0.6578266523342082 (1, 6) 0.25543053926412473 (1, 3) 0.25543053926412473 (1, 8) 0.25543053926412473 (2, 4) 0.5324851898636142 (2, 7) 0.5324851898636142 (2, 0) 0.5324851898636142 (2, 6) 0.223143128752028 (2, 3) 0.223143128752028 (2, 8) 0.223143128752028 (3, 1) 0.4694172843223779 (3, 2) 0.6172273175654565 (3, 6) 0.3645443967613799 (3, 3) 0.3645443967613799 (3, 8) 0.3645443967613799 X.shape: (4, 9) X_test: (0, 8) 0.7071067811865475 (0, 3) 0.7071067811865475 X_test.shape: (1, 9) type(X_test): <class 'scipy.sparse.csr.csr_matrix'> Ques 3. Single Choice Correct Which of these lexical resources are not available as part of NLTK? a. List of names b. Pronunciations c. French to English dictionary d. None of the above (Correct) Ques 4. Using WordNet, match the following for the word 'dusk'. Col A -- Col B a. Synonyms other than the word itself -- 1. Night b. Hypernym -- 2. Fall c. Hyponym -- 3. Hour d. Lemmas -- 4. Twilight and NA -- 5. Crepuscle Correct Answer: a - 4, b - 3, c - 1, d - 2,4,5 Ques 5: Single Choice Correct Arrange the below steps in the correct order based on the NLP pipeline. 1. Apply machine learning techniques to build models. 2. Cleaning the input text data. 3. Deploying the model and making prediction on new data. 4. Normalizing the data. 5. Validating the model built. 6. Feature engineering 7. Collecting textual data a. 7 2 4 6 1 5 3 (Correct) b. 7 4 2 6 1 3 5 c. 7 1 5 2 6 3 4 Ques 6. Single Choice Correct Which of these applications is unlikely to use a TF-IDF model during implementation: a. chatbot b. sentiment analyzer c. information extraction (Correct) d. topic modeling
Tags: Natural Language Processing,

Lemmatization using NLTK's WordNetLemmatizer


import nltk
from nltk.stem.wordnet import WordNetLemmatizer

lemmatizer = WordNetLemmatizer()
    
print("rocks :", lemmatizer.lemmatize("rocks"))
print("corpora :", lemmatizer.lemmatize("corpora"))
    
# a denotes adjective in "pos"
print("better :", lemmatizer.lemmatize("better", pos ="a"))

print("went :", lemmatizer.lemmatize("went", pos ="v"))

print("easier :", lemmatizer.lemmatize("easier", pos ="a"))
print("cheaper :", lemmatizer.lemmatize("cheaper", pos ="a"))
print("best :", lemmatizer.lemmatize("best", pos ="a"))
print("drilling :", lemmatizer.lemmatize("drilling", pos ="v"))
print("hammering :", lemmatizer.lemmatize("hammering", pos ="v"))


Notes and Output

""" print("went :", lemmatizer.lemmatize("went", pos = nltk.stem.wordnet.VERB)) AttributeError: module 'nltk.stem.wordnet' has no attribute 'VERB' """ """ There is also a BiText Lemmatizer. (base) $ python lemma.py rocks : rock corpora : corpus better : good went : go easier : easy cheaper : cheap best : best drilling : drill hammering : hammer
Tags: Natural Language Processing,Python

Tuesday, July 19, 2022

Pregabid Tablet

Pregabid 75 Capsule

Prescription Required

MANUFACTURER
Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd

SALT COMPOSITION
Pregabalin (75mg)

STORAGE
Store below 30°C

PRODUCT INTRODUCTION

Pregabid 75 Capsule is a medicine used to relieve pain caused by nerve damage (neuropathic pain) due to diabetes, shingles (herpes zoster infection), spinal cord injury, or other conditions. It is also used to treat widespread muscle pain and stiffness in people with fibromyalgia. Pregabid 75 Capsule belongs to the anti-epileptic group of medicines and can also be used to treat certain types of seizures (fits) in combination with other medicines. Additionally, it may also be prescribed to treat the symptoms of anxiety disorder if other medicines are not suitable. You can take Pregabid 75 Capsule with or without food, but it is important to take this medicine at the same time each day to get the most benefit. The exact dose and duration of treatment will depend on your condition and how you respond to it. Your doctor will probably start this medicine at a low dose and increase it gradually. It may take a few weeks for the medicine to work properly. Follow your doctor’s instructions and continue taking it regularly until your doctor advises you to stop. Do not miss any dose, otherwise, your condition may worsen. The side effects of this medicine are usually mild and go away by themselves. The most common ones are feeling sleepy or dizzy, dryness in the mouth, blurred vision, weight gain, edema (swelling over the whole body), and difficulty in concentrating. Most side effects are not serious and do not need medical attention. Talk to your doctor about potential side effects and ways in which you might prevent or cope with them. Before taking the medicine you should tell your doctor if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning to become pregnant. Be careful while driving as sleepiness, dizziness, and blurring of vision may be seen as side effects. You should avoid drinking alcohol along with this medicine as it may lead to excessive sleepiness and dizziness.

USES OF PREGABID CAPSULE

1. Treatment of Neuropathic pain 2. Treatment of Epilepsy/Seizures 3. Treatment of Fibromyalgia

BENEFITS OF PREGABID CAPSULE

In Treatment of Neuropathic pain Pregabid 75 Capsule is used to treat long-lasting (chronic) pain caused by nerve damage due to diabetes, shingles, or spinal cord injury. It reduces pain and its associated symptoms such as mood changes, sleep problems, and tiredness. It is thought to work by interfering with pain signals that travel through the damaged nerves and the brain. Taking this medicine regularly will improve your physical and social functioning and overall quality of life. It takes a few weeks to work so you need to take it regularly even if you feel it is not doing any good. Once your symptoms have gone you should still keep taking the medicine until your doctor advises you to stop. In Treatment of Epilepsy/Seizures Pregabid 75 Capsule belongs to a group of medicines called anticonvulsants which are used to treat some forms of epilepsy in adults. It is thought to work by slowing down nerve impulses in the brain which cause seizures (fits). It helps reduce symptoms such as confusion, uncontrollable jerking movements, loss of awareness, and fear or anxiety. It will help you go about your daily activities with more confidence and may allow you to do some activities that you would otherwise be forbidden or scared to do (such as swimming and driving). It can take a few weeks for this medicine to work and during this time you may still have seizures. Do not stop using this medicine even if you feel well until your doctor advises you to. Missing doses may trigger a seizure. In Treatment of Fibromyalgia Pregabid 75 Capsule may also be used to treat pain in people with fibromyalgia. It reduces pain and also the mood changes, sleep problems, and tiredness that can be caused by the pain. It interferes with pain messages traveling through the brain. Keep taking the medicine until your doctor advises you to stop. Fibromyalgia is a nerve disorder which causes widespread muscle and bone pain and sensitivity to touch. In this condition, the pain processing ability of the brain is affected causing intensified sensations of pain. It also causes fatigue and troubles with sleep and memory.

SIDE EFFECTS OF PREGABID CAPSULE

Most side effects do not require any medical attention and disappear as your body adjusts to the medicine. Consult your doctor if they persist or if you’re worried about them: Common side effects of Pregabid: Blurred vision Difficulty in paying attention Dizziness Dryness in mouth Edema (swelling) Sleepiness Weight gain

HOW PREGABID CAPSULE WORKS

Pregabid 75 Capsule is an antiepileptic medication. When given for epilepsy, it is believed to work by reducing the abnormal electrical activity in the brain, thus preventing seizures. It is also used to treat nerve and muscle pain where it blocks pain by interfering with pain signals traveling through the damaged nerves and the brain.

SAFETY ADVICE

Alcohol UNSAFE Pregabid 75 Capsule may cause excessive drowsiness with alcohol. Driving UNSAFE Pregabid 75 Capsule may decrease alertness, affect your vision or make you feel sleepy and dizzy. Do not drive if these symptoms occur.

Fact Box

Chemical Class Cyclic GABA Analogues Habit Forming No Therapeutic Class NEURO CNS Action Class Alpha 2 delta ligands (AED)

Interaction with drugs

Taking Pregabid with any of the following medicines can modify the effect of either of them and cause some undesirable side effects. Alprazolam Brand(s): Eurolam, Alwel, Tenzo Moderate Chlordiazepoxide Brand(s): Equblam, Raipox, Equiliser Moderate Clobazam Brand(s): Risure, Boze, Clobazed Moderate Clonazepam Brand(s): Panik Moderate

Petril-MD 0.5 Tablet & Pregabid 75 Capsule: It may increase sedation.

Tags: Medicine

P GABI-75 Tablet

MANUFACTURER: UHL

S. No. / Brand Name / Packaging / Composition
1. / P GABI-75 Tablet / 10x1x10 / Pregabalin 75mg 
2. / P GABIREX-M Capsuleet / 10x1x10 / Pregabalin 75mg + Mecobalamin 750mcg
3. / GABI-NT Tablet / 10x1x10 / Gabapentin 400mg + Nortriptylin 10mg

Mechanism of Action

1. Pregabalin is an alpha 2 delta ligand which decreases pain by modulating calcium channel activity of the nerve cells. 2. Methylcobalamin is a form of vitamin B which helps in the production of myelin, a substance that protects nerve sreb and rejuvenates damaged nerve cells. 3. Nortriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant which increases the levels of chemical messengers (serotonin and noradrenaline) that stop the movement of pain signals in the brain. Indications: Treatment of neuropathic pain. Dosage: OD to BD
Tags: Medicine

Natural Language Processing Questions and Answers (Set 2 of 8 Ques)

1. State whether True or False: Word2Vec is a neural network model used to convert input text to vector notations.

Answer: True

2. Which of the following are true regarding Word2Vec?

a. The architecture of Word2Vec model is a 2 layer neural network
b. The skip gram model is a RNN model 
c. Both CBOW and Skip-gram are shallow neural network models
d. All of the above

Answer: A and C

3. The network which traverses from output layer to input layer and hidden layer to improve the model is called ___.

a. Perceptron
b. Multi-layered Perceptron 
c. Self organizing map 
d. Recurrent neural network 

Answer: D: Recurrent neural network 

4. LSTM network is suitable for processing long sequences of data.

a. True
b. False 

Answer: True 

5. How to solve the vanishing gradient problem of RNN?

a. Feedforward Neural Network 
b. Long Short Term Memory
c. Convolutional Neural Network 
d. None of the above.

Answer: Long Short Term Memory

6. Which of the following statement is incorrect?

a. Stemming is the process of reducing a word to its stem or root format.
b. In stemming the suffixes "ing" and "ed" can be dropped off and 'ies' can be replaced by 'y'.
c. Lemmatization is a technique which is used to reduce words to a normalized form.
d. The result of stemming is always a proper word.

Answer: D 

7. Multiple Choice Correct
Which of the Python packages are used to implement Lemmatization?

a. WordNet Lemmatizer 
b. TextBlob
c. Standard CoreNLP 
d. TreeTagger

Answer: All of the option.

8. BLEU score is a metric used in NLP to evaluate the sentence generated at the output against that of the sentence given at the input.

a. True 
b. False 

Answer: A (True)
Tags: Natural Language Processing,

Characteristics of NLTK, SpaCy, CoreNLP and Spark NLP


Name               Spark-NLP SpaCy NLTK CoreNLP
------------------------------------------------
Sentence Detection Yes       Yes   Yes  Yes
Tokenization       Yes       Yes   Yes  Yes
Stemming           Yes       Yes   Yes  Yes
Lemmatization      Yes       Yes   Yes  Yes
POS Tagger         Yes       Yes   Yes  Yes
NER                Yes       Yes   Yes  Yes
Text Matcher       Yes       Yes   No   Yes
Date Matcher       Yes       No    No   Yes
Chunking           Yes       Yes   Yes  Yes
Spell Checker      Yes       No    No   No
Sentiment Detector Yes       No    No   Yes
Pretrained Models  Yes       Yes   Yes  Yes
Training Models    Yes       Yes   Yes  Yes

Technical Functionality Comparison

Features Spark-NLP SpaCy NLTK CoreNLP ----------------------------------------------------------- Java API Yes No No Yes Scala API Yes No No No Python API Yes Yes Yes No Training on GPU Yes Yes No No User-defined Deep Learning N/w Yes Yes No No Supports Spark Natively Yes No No No Supports Hadoop Yes No No No
Tags: Natural Language Processing,

Infosys Certified Expert - Natural Language Processing Professional

Dated: 2022-Jul-19

# Infosys Certified Expert - Natural Language Processing Professional

This is an objective type questions based internal certification of 60 minutes duration to assess knowledge on advanced concepts in Natural Language Processing like Machine Translation, LSTM and GRU for building the models for text analytics, topic modeling techniques, Transformer for NLP. Pass percentage is 60%. If an attempt is not qualified, the next attempt can only be after 15 days.

# Your Rating

Complete all pre contents to access this content

# What you will learn

This certification is intended to validate the skills of a learner in : Applying Deep learning architecture namely, RNN, LSTM and GRU, for Text analytics problems, performing Machine translation task, applying topic modeling algorithms, using Transformer / BERT architecture for text analytics, Pretrained models for word embedding techniques.

# Pre Contents

Introduction to Natural Language Processing
Primer for Advanced NLP
Machine translation
Information Extraction
Natural Language Processing for Developers

# Study Materials

Natural Language Processing using Python

# Skills you will gain

Natural language processing (NLP)
Tags: Natural Language Processing,

Monday, July 18, 2022

Sentences that show Natural Language Processing of English is hard

Let us try to understand why NLP (Natural Language Processing) is considered hard using a few examples:

1. "There was not a single man at the party".

- Does it mean that there were no men at the party? Or

- Does it mean that there was no one at the party? Or

- Here does man refer to the gender "man" or "mankind"?

2. "The chicken is ready to eat."

- Does this mean that the bird (chicken) is ready to feed on some grains? Or

- Does it mean that the meat is cooked well and is ready to be eaten by a human?

3. "Google is a great company" and "Google this word and find its meaning".

- Google is being used as a noun in the first statement and as a verb in the second.
Google (noun) and Google (verb) are homonyms.

4. The man saw a girl with a telescope.

- Did the man use a telescope to see the girl? Or 

- Did the man see a girl who was holding a telescope?

5. Consider saying this to a voice interface like Siri and Alexa:

She felt... less. She felt tamped down. Dim. More faint. Feint. Feigned. Fain.
--Patrick Rothfuss

6. Why we need a bidirectional parsing model for Natural Language Processing?

Sentences where future words tell about the words spoken in the past.

Consider these two sentences:
a. She says, "Teddy bears are my favorite toy."
b. She says, "Teddy Roosevelt was the 26th President of the United States."

On a high level what a unidirectional LSTM model will see:
She says, "Teddy."

On the other hand, a bidirectional LSTM will be able to see the information further down the road as well. See the illustration below:

Forward LSTM will see: "She says, 'Teddy'."

Backward LSTM will see: "was the the 26th President of the United States."

7. Word Sense Disambiguation

As an example of the contextual effect between words, consider the word "by", which has several meanings, for example: 

# the book by Chesterton (agentive - Chesterton was the author of the book); 

# the cup by the stove (locative - the stove is where the cup is); and 

# submit by Friday (temporal - Friday is the time of the submitting). 

Observe below that the meaning of the italicized word helps us interpret the meaning of by.

a. The lost children were found by the searchers (agentive) 

b. The lost children were found by the mountain (locative) 

c. The lost children were found by the afternoon (temporal)

8. Pronoun Resolution

Consider three possible following sentences, and try to determine what was sold, caught, and found (one case is ambiguous).

a. The thieves stole the paintings. They were subsequently sold.
b. The thieves stole the paintings. They were subsequently caught.
c. The thieves stole the paintings. They were subsequently found.

Answering this question involves finding the antecedent of the pronoun they, either thieves or paintings. 

Computational techniques for tackling this problem include: 

Anaphora resolution - identifying what a pronoun or noun phrase refers to. And:

Semantic role labeling - identifying how a noun phrase relates to the verb (as agent, patient, instrument, and so on).

Tags: Natural Language Processing,

Friday, July 15, 2022

Pitara 2 (Story 2 - Rani Learns Fast)

Rani Learns Fast
Rani said: My home work is done. Papa, now I want to water the plants.
Papa: First, switch off the fan, Rani.
Rani turns off the fan.
Papa said: Now go water the plants.
Rani: Ok papa, Thank you.
Rani said: All the plants look happy! May I please go out to play, Maa?
Maa: Turn the tap off before you go, Rani.
Rani turns the tap off.
Maa said: Now, you can go to the park.
Rani said: Ok, maa. Thank you.
Later...
Rani: Maa! Papa! I am back! I want to watch TV with you.
Maa and Papa said: Come Rani, let us watch TV together.
After some time...
Rani said: I want to draw now.
Papa said: Let us cook dinner.
Maa: Let us go to the kitchen.
Rani said: Switch off the TV. Maa, papa.
Maa, papa said: Oh! Sorry!

Pitara 2 (Story 1 - Tillu Cares for the Books)

Tillu Cares for the Books

Teacher: Hello kids! Let us take a book and read.
Billu said: I like this drawing in the book. I will take out this page.
Tillu: Stop! Stop! Don’t tear the page.
Billu: I always keep drawings with me.
Tillu said: Please don’t tear the page.
Billu: I don’t care. I want the drawing.
Tillu: Oh no! Give it here, Billu please.
Teacher: Well done, Tillu. I am proud of you.
Teacher said: Everyone clap for Tillu. He takes care of books.
Billu said: Thank you! I’ll not tear any pages again. I will care for books.

“I’ll” is a contraction of “I will”


Pitara 1 (Story 3 - Rani and Soni meets Sheru)

Rani and Soni meets Sheru

Rani: Soni, look there.
Soni: Oh! There is a little puppy under the tree.
Rani: He is so cute!
Soni: But he looks so weak.
Rani: He wants food.
Rani and Soni said to their mother: Mummy, please give us some roti for the little puppy.
Rani said to puppy: Please come. Eat this. This is for you.
Soni: Shall we call him Sheru?
Rani: Oh, Sheru! Wow! This is a good name.


Pitara 1 (Story 2 - Shiny, Tillu and Billu)

SHINY TILLU
Shiny: It is a good day.
Tillu: I want to sing.
Shiny: La, La, La, La...
Tillu: You smell bad.
Shiny: Hmmm! I have to brush my teeth.
Tillu runs home.

# “Runs” is a verb.

Tillu brushes his teeth.
Brush (verb) : Brush (noun)
Brush is a homonym.

Homonyms
Words with the same spelling and pronunciation, but different meanings.

# What is the verb in the above sentence?
# How many nouns are there in this sentence?

Tillu: Now I feel good.
Billu: Hello! Tillu.
Billu: Wow! You smell so good.


Pitara 1 (Story 1 - Kaku, Rani and Friends)

Kaku: I am Kaku.
Rani: I am Rani.
Kaku: I am in class 1A.
Rani: I am in class 1C.
Kaku: I like dancing.
Rani: I like singing.
Kaku: I like to eat orange.
Rani: I like bananas more.
Kaku: I do not like to eat tori.
Rani: I do not like to eat egg.
Kaku: I am happy to meet you.
Rani: Same here.

Thursday, July 14, 2022

Learn Multi-Digit Addition by Counting Sticks

Enter the first number:

  


Enter the second number:

  





Answer is:


Tags: Mathematical Foundations for Data Science,