Friday, November 7, 2025

YouTube Academy For Machine Learning



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What is Machine Learning?

What is On-device Machine Learning?

Supervised Machine Learning

  1. Google Open Online Education

Types of Machine Learning

Generalization

Linear Regression

Supervised Learning

Logistic Regression

Decision Tree

  1. Intuitive Machine Learning

Support Vector Machines

Gradient Descent

Neural Networks

Machine Learning Courses

Tags: Machine Learning,Technology,Video,YouTube Academy,

Thursday, November 6, 2025

Dos and Donts when having mouth ulcers (canker sores)

Index of Medicines

DO’s

  1. Maintain good oral hygiene

    • Brush gently with a soft-bristled toothbrush.

    • Use mild, non-alcoholic mouthwash or saltwater rinses (½ tsp salt in a glass of warm water, rinse 2–3 times daily).

  2. Stay hydrated

    • Drink plenty of water to keep your mouth moist and help healing.

  3. Eat soft, bland foods

    • Choose yogurt, soups, boiled vegetables, rice, mashed potatoes, or oatmeal.

    • Let hot food cool down before eating.

  4. Use topical gels or mouth rinses

    • Over-the-counter options like benzocaine (Orajel), lidocaine, or chlorhexidine mouthwash can help numb pain and prevent infection.

  5. Try home remedies

    • Honey: Dab a little on the ulcer—it’s soothing and antimicrobial.

    • Aloe vera gel: Promotes healing and reduces discomfort.

    • Coconut oil: Can reduce pain and prevent infection.

  6. Manage stress

    • Stress can trigger or worsen ulcers. Try relaxation techniques like deep breathing, yoga, or short walks.

  7. Identify triggers

    • Note any foods, toothpaste ingredients (like sodium lauryl sulfate), or medications that might be linked to your ulcers.


DON’Ts

  1. Avoid spicy, acidic, or salty foods

    • Foods like pickles, citrus fruits, tomatoes, chips, or chili can sting and delay healing.

  2. Don’t consume very hot beverages

    • Allow tea, coffee, or soup to cool before drinking.

  3. Avoid hard or crunchy foods

    • Crackers, toast, nuts, or chips can scrape or irritate the ulcer.

  4. Don’t touch or poke the ulcer

    • It can worsen the pain, introduce bacteria, and slow healing.

  5. Avoid alcohol and tobacco

    • Both irritate the mouth lining and delay recovery.

  6. Don’t skip meals

    • Even if it’s painful, eat soft foods to maintain nutrition.

  7. Don’t ignore persistent ulcers

    • If ulcers last more than 2 weeks, are unusually large, or keep recurring, see a dentist or doctor.

    • Persistent ulcers may indicate nutritional deficiencies (like vitamin B12, folate, or iron) or other underlying issues.

Advice from ChatGPT 5 Tags: Medicine,

Model Alert... Alibaba-backed Moonshot releases its second AI update in four months as China's AI race heats up (Nov 2025)


See All Articles on AI
  • Beijing-based startup Moonshot released a new AI model Thursday just four months after its prior update.
  • Major U.S. companies such as Airbnb have begun to publicly tout how some Chinese AI models as viable — and often cheaper — alternatives to OpenAI’s.
  • The new Kimi AI model cost $4.6 million to train, according to a source familiar with the matter.

Chinese startup Moonshot on Thursday released its latest generative artificial intelligence model which claims to beat OpenAI’s ChatGPT in “agentic” capabilities — or understanding what a user wants without explicit step-by-step instructions.

The model, called “Kimi K2 Thinking,” builds on the K2 model released in July by Beijing-based Moonshot, which is backed by Alibaba.

The update comes as Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang this week again urged the U.S. to press ahead in a race against Chinese-developed AI. Some major U.S. companies such as Airbnb have begun to publicly tout how some Chinese AI models are as viable — and often cheaper — alternatives to OpenAI’s.

Despite U.S. restrictions on Chinese businesses’ access to high-end chips, companies such as DeepSeek have released AI models that are open sourced and with user fees a fraction of ChatGPT’s.

DeepSeek also claimed it spent $5.6 million for its V3 model — in contrast to the billions spent by OpenAI.

The Kimi K2 Thinking model cost $4.6 million to train, according to a source familiar with the matter.

It can automatically select 200 to 300 tools to complete tasks on its own, reducing the need for human intervention according to Moonshot. CNBC was unable to independently verify the DeepSeek or Kimi figures.
DeepSeek last month released a new AI model that claims to improve performance by using visual clues to expand the context of information it is processing at once.

Tags: Technology,Artificial Intelligence,Large Language Models,

Finding Ourselves in the Light -- What Zohran Mamdani’s Victory Teaches Us About Faith, Politics, and Courage


See All News by Ravish Kumar

“I will not change how I eat. I will not change the faith I am proud to belong to. But there is one thing I will change — I will no longer look for myself in the shadow. I will find myself in the light.”

With these words, Zohran Mamdani set the tone for what his historic mayoral campaign in New York represents — not just for America, but for democracies around the world where religion is weaponized to divide.

Mamdani’s campaign and triumph answered two age-old questions: Can faith be separated from politics? And more importantly, why must it be?

His win proved that while religion might never be fully absent from politics, the politics of hate in the name of religion can indeed be defeated.


A Muslim Candidate Who Refused to Be a “Muslim Candidate”

What makes Zohran Mamdani’s journey remarkable is that he never hid his Muslim identity, nor did he seek votes in its name.

His supporters urged him to stay silent when attacked for being Muslim. But he chose speech over silence. He told New Yorkers — yes, he was a Muslim, but above all, he was a citizen seeking the same dignity and equality every New Yorker deserved.

“I am a Muslim,” he said, “but I am not a Muslim candidate. I want to be a leader who fights for every New Yorker — no matter their skin color, religion, or birthplace.”

That clarity disarmed his opponents. He didn’t run from his identity; he transcended it.


The Politics of Dignity vs. The Politics of Fear

For over two decades after 9/11, American Muslims lived under suspicion. Hate was institutionalized — from the airport to the ballot box. Mamdani, a son of immigrants, walked right into that storm.

Opponents painted him as dangerous. Ads funded by billionaires showed his beard exaggerated, his image darkened. TV hosts accused him of wanting to “chair another 9/11.” Others mocked the way he ate.

It was Islamophobia with corporate funding.

Mamdani’s answer was radical — not anger, but empathy. He spoke not just for Muslims, but for all marginalized New Yorkers: the ones who couldn’t afford bus fares, housing, or healthcare.

His campaign revolved around simple, humane issues:

  • Free public transport for working-class people.

  • Affordable housing in a city where the poor are being pushed farther away.

  • Dignity for all, regardless of background.

He reframed the debate — from who belongs to who benefits.


Hate Has Billion-Dollar Sponsors

Mamdani pulled the curtain on something most politicians avoid discussing — how corporate money sustains hate.

He named companies that funded his opponent’s Islamophobic propaganda. “They don’t fear my faith,” he said, “they fear fair wages.”

If workers gain power, corporations lose profits. So they distract the public — through hate, fear, and division.

As Mamdani put it:

“The billionaire class seeks to convince those making $30 an hour that their enemies are those earning $20 an hour. They want us to fight each other, so we forget who truly controls the system.”

It’s the same playbook used across the world — including in India.


Lessons for India

India’s politics runs on similar fuel.
While millions struggle for food, jobs, and education, leaders keep the nation busy fighting imaginary enemies.
The politics of “send them to Pakistan” and “illegal infiltrators” thrives because it’s easier to inflame hatred than to fix hunger.

Even opposition leaders, fearing electoral backlash, shy away from openly supporting Muslim voices or religious minorities.
They whisper when courage demands they speak.

Mamdani did the opposite — he stood beside Imams in public, he embraced his faith openly, and yet, he never made it his electoral plank.
He showed that the antidote to fear is not silence, but visibility.

His politics wasn’t about Muslims, it was about New Yorkers — and that made all the difference.


A New Kind of Campaign: Humanity as Strategy

Mamdani’s campaign turned issues like bus fares into symbols of justice.

New York’s working class — 1.3 million people who commute by bus daily — became central to his vision.
Slow buses meant lost hours, lost wages, and lost dignity.

By fighting for faster, cheaper public transport, Mamdani wasn’t just talking policy — he was talking respect.

He made the working person’s time valuable again.

It’s a politics India’s cities could learn from — where millions commute for hours each day, losing health and hope while leaders argue about faith.


Beyond Religion, Beyond Hate

Zohran Mamdani’s victory is more than electoral. It’s moral.

It proved that people can see through billion-dollar propaganda.
That the politics of fear, no matter how powerful, cannot outlast the politics of belonging.
That you can be proud of your faith without turning it into a weapon.

In a world increasingly consumed by division, Mamdani’s campaign feels like the fresh air Ravish Kumar described — the air many nations are still waiting to breathe.


The Light We Must Step Into

Zohran Mamdani's line now reads less like a statement and more like a manifesto for our times:

“I will no longer look for myself in the shadow. I will find myself in the light.”

Mamdani found his light — not by abandoning faith or identity, but by refusing to let them be twisted into tools of fear.

The rest of us — in Delhi, in Lucknow, in New York — might ask:
Are we still living in the shadows others built for us?
Or are we ready to walk into the light ourselves?


In defeating the politics of hate, Zohran Mamdani hasn’t just changed New York — he’s offered a lesson for the world: the future belongs not to those who divide, but to those who dare to unite.

Tags: Politics,Ravish Kumar,Hindi,Video,

Model Alert... Open-Weights Coding Leader


See All Articles on AI

An open-weights model from Shanghai-based MiniMax challenges top proprietary models on key benchmarks for coding and agentic tasks.

 

What’s new: MiniMax, which provides voice-chat and image-generation services, released the weights for MiniMax-M2, a large language model that’s optimized for coding and agentic tasks.

  • Input/output: Text in (up to 204,000 tokens), text out (up to 131,000 tokens, roughly 100 tokens per second)
  • Architecture: Mixture-of-experts transformer, 230 billion parameters total, 10 billion parameters active per token
  • Performance: First among open weights models on Artificial Analysis’ Intelligence Index
  • Availability: Weights free to download from Hugging Face and ModelScope for commercial and noncommercial uses under MIT license, API $0.30/$1.20 per million input/output tokens via MiniMax
  • Undisclosed: Training data, specific training methods

How it works: MiniMax has not published a technical report on MiniMax-M2, so little public information is available about how it built the model.

  • Given a prompt, MiniMax-M2 interleaves reasoning steps (enclosed within <think>...</think> tags) within its output. This differs from models like DeepSeek-R1 that generate a block of reasoning steps prior to final output. It also differs from models like OpenAI GPT-5 and recent Anthropic Claude models that also generate reasoning steps prior to final output but hide or summarize them.
  • MiniMax advises users to retain <think>...</think> tags in their conversation histories for optimal performance across multiple turns, because removing them (say, to economize on tokens) would degrade the model’s context.

Results: MiniMax-M2 achieved 61 on independent evaluator Artificial Analysis’ Intelligence Index (a weighted average of benchmark performance in mathematics, science, reasoning, and coding), a new high for open weights models, ahead of DeepSeek-V3.2 (57 points) and Kimi K2 (50 points). It trails proprietary models GPT-5 with thinking enabled (69 points) and Claude Sonnet 4.5 (63 points). Beyond that, it excelled in coding and agentic tasks but proved notably verbose. It consumed 120 million tokens to complete Artificial Analysis evaluations, tied for highest with Grok 4.

  • On τ2-Bench, a test of agentic tool use, MiniMax-M2 (77.2 percent) ranked ahead of GLM-4.6 (75.9 percent) and Kimi K2 (70.3 percent) but behind Claude Sonnet 4.5 (84.7 percent) and GPT-5 with thinking enabled (80.1 percent).
  • On IFBench, which tests the ability to follow instructions, MiniMax-M2 (72 percent) significantly outperformed Claude Sonnet 4.5 (57 percent) but narrowly trailed GPT-5 with thinking enabled (73 percent).
  • On SWE-bench Verified, which evaluates software engineering tasks that require multi-file edits and test validation, MiniMax-M2 (69.4 percent) ranked in the middle tier ahead of Gemini 2.5 Pro (63.8 percent) and DeepSeek-V3.2 (67.8 percent) but behind Claude Sonnet 4.5 (77.2 percent) and GPT-5 with thinking enabled (74.9 percent).
  • On Terminal-Bench, which measures command-line task execution, MiniMax-M2 (46.3 percent) ranked second only to Claude Sonnet 4.5 (50 percent), significantly ahead of Kimi K2 (44.5 percent), GPT-5 with thinking enabled (43.8 percent), and DeepSeek-V3.2 (37.7 percent).

Behind the news: In June, MiniMax published weights for MiniMax-M1, a reasoning model designed to support agentic workflows over long contexts (1 million tokens). The company had been developing agents for internal use in tasks like coding, processing user feedback, and screening resumes. However, it found that leading closed-weights models were too costly and slow, while open-weights alternatives were less capable. It says it built MiniMax-M2 to fill the gap.

 

Why it matters: Developing reliable agentic applications requires experimenting with combinations and permutations of prompts, tools, and task decompositions, which generates lots of tokens. Cost-effective models that are capable of agentic tasks, like MiniMax-M2, can help more small teams innovate with agents.

 

We’re thinking: MiniMax-M2s visible reasoning traces make its decisions more auditable than models that hide or summarize their reasoning steps. As agents are applied increasingly to mission-critical applications, transparency in reasoning may matter as much as raw performance.

Tags: Technology,Artificial Intelligence,Large Language Models,

Wednesday, November 5, 2025

Zohran Mamdani - The Immigrant Who Redefined New York’s Politics


See All News by Ravish Kumar
Image generated using ChatGPT for illustration purpose



New York — the city that never sleeps, where power, money, and dreams collide. Yet in this global capital of capitalism, an unlikely figure has risen to power — Zohran Mamdani, the son of filmmaker Mira Nair and historian Mahmood Mamdani. His victory as New York's mayor has stunned America and inspired millions worldwide.

Who is Zohran Mamdani, and how did he win against the might of billionaires, political lobbies, and hate campaigns?

Mamdani is a politician of conviction — a man who speaks of justice, equality, and dignity for the working class in a city that glorifies wealth. He didn't win by distributing dollars, but by talking about why people remain poor and how the system must change. His victory has been called a “turning point in American democracy,” reminiscent of Jawaharlal Nehru's “tryst with destiny” in 1947 — a moment when a society decides to shed the old and embrace the new.

A Political Awakening in the City of Immigrants

Mamdani's win is more than just a political success; it's a moral statement. In the same country where Donald Trump built his politics on fear and division — especially targeting immigrants — Mamdani, an immigrant himself, won by appealing to hope. He stood for immigrants, workers, and renters, and promised to make the city livable again for ordinary people.

New York is home to people from over 150 countries. It is also a city of contradictions — immense wealth alongside staggering poverty. Mamdani's campaign asked a simple question: why does one of the richest cities in the world have so many people struggling to afford rent, education, or healthcare? His slogans were direct:

  • “No more rent hikes.”

  • “Free public transport.”

  • “Healthcare for all.”

These weren't utopian dreams. They were demands born out of everyday pain.

Fighting Billionaire Power and Hate Politics

The billionaire class united against him. They called him a “communist,” “anti-Israel,” even “dangerous.” Elon Musk mocked him online. Donald Trump went as far as threatening to cut federal funding to New York if Mamdani won. But New Yorkers — tired of political theater — stood by him.

What set Mamdani apart was his honesty. When his opponents tried to link him to terrorism, he smiled and kept talking about bus fares and teacher shortages. When accused of being “anti-Jewish,” he replied calmly:

“New York is home to Jews, Muslims, Christians, everyone. This city belongs to all of us.”

He didn't hide his Muslim identity, nor did he use it to divide. In a world where fear dominates politics, Mamdani's courage became his greatest strength.

The Making of a Global Leader

Mamdani's story is also a story of migration, resilience, and moral inheritance. His father, Mahmood Mamdani, was exiled from Uganda during Idi Amin's rule in 1972. His mother, Mira Nair, chronicled those immigrant struggles in Mississippi Masala and The Namesake. From that family emerged a leader who turned those experiences into political energy — a leader who knows what displacement feels like and what belonging truly means.

Lessons for India and the World

Ravish Kumar, the journalist who first brought this story to the Indian audience, notes how Mamdani's victory echoes far beyond America. He writes that while India's political discourse is trapped in caste and religion, Mamdani won by uniting people around issues that matter: education, rent, transport, and dignity.

In Bihar, for instance, politicians debate handouts instead of job creation. Mamdani's campaign offers a lesson — real change comes not from fear, but from trust, empathy, and clarity of purpose.

A Hopeful Future

Zohran Mamdani's win has become a symbol — proof that progressive politics isn't dead, even in an age of polarization. He defeated Trump-backed billionaires not with anger, but with ideas. He reignited hope among young voters and brought moral clarity back to public life.

In his victory speech, Mamdani said:

“Those hands that built this city, but were told they'd never touch power — today, the future is in their hands.”

That single line captures the essence of his journey — and perhaps, the essence of democracy itself.


Zohran Mamdani didn't just win an election. He reminded the world that even in the age of billionaires, people still matter.

Tags: Politics,Ravish Kumar,Hindi,Video,

Why Bihar Needs a Ministry of Migration


See All News by Ravish Kumar

Hello, I’m Ravish Kumar.
I have an idea for Bihar’s next government — an unusual one. Instead of pretending to stop migration, why not embrace it? Why not create a Ministry of Migration?

Sounds strange, right? But think about it.
Back in 2004, India created a separate department for Indians living abroad — the Ministry of Non-Resident Indians, later renamed Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs, before being merged with the Ministry of External Affairs in 2016. If the Indian government can care for Indians abroad, then why can’t Bihar care for its own people living outside the state — its NRBs: Non-Resident Biharis?

Every Indian state has its share of Bihari workers. They build roads, run factories, clean cities, and power other states’ economies. Isn’t it time Bihar acknowledged their existence formally — with a dedicated ministry that tracks their welfare, ensures they live in humane conditions, and keeps in touch with them through offices in major cities like Delhi, Surat, or Ludhiana?

Critics will laugh. Some will say the government’s job is to stop migration, not support it.
But look at the reality — no government has ever managed to stop it. Not in 20 years. Even during Nitish Kumar’s so-called “golden years of law and order,” migration soared. Opportunities kept blooming outside Bihar, not within. People continued to leave — for survival, for dignity, for hope.

Migration, therefore, is not Bihar’s Plan B — it’s Plan A.
It’s the state’s most successful export.
And perhaps it’s time to give it the status of an industry.

Imagine this:
First-time migrants get a subsidized train ticket, a suitcase, and a bottle of water from the government.
Families returning home for Chhath or Holi get a travel subsidy — just like big industrialists get subsidies worth crores for setting up factories. If billionaires can get land at discounted prices, why can’t the poor get help to travel for work — their only “industry”?

Because let’s face it — migration is already Bihar’s largest economic activity.
During festivals, when over 1.5 crore people return home, the sheer chaos at railway stations tells the story no economic report can. If Bihar had a Migration Minister, they could plan better — create safe travel corridors, maintain worker registries, ensure safety and dignity, and monitor living conditions in host cities.

Look at how West Bengal’s Chief Minister once sent MPs to protect migrant workers in Gurugram.
If Bengal can care for its migrants, why can’t Bihar?

Bihar’s migrants live in makeshift colonies — often without clean water or toilets — across Indian cities. If the state government simply started tweeting photos of these settlements, the country would see the uncomfortable truth of how “development” really looks for those who build it.

So yes — Bihar needs a Ministry of Migration.
It needs to accept that migration isn’t a failure — it’s a symptom of a broken model.

Because after 20 years of good roads and electricity, why is there still no economic transformation?
Why is every young Bihari still dreaming of leaving home?
Why does the average Bihari student still have to move to Delhi, Kota, or Patna for education?
Why are the hospitals of Delhi and Lucknow filled with patients from Bihar?

Migration is not just about jobs. It’s about education, healthcare, hope, and dignity.

And while caste politics still dominates Bihar’s elections — keeping people divided over old loyalties — the economy remains stagnant. The poor from every caste remain poor. A few elites, contractors, and middlemen thrive, but the rest migrate.

It’s time Bihar starts talking about economic democratization — about land reform, quality education, and meaningful jobs. Because if a state can’t retain its youth, what kind of governance is that?

Until then, let’s stop the pretense.
Let’s recognize migration.
Let’s make it official.

Create a Migration ID Card, a Migration Police, and a Migration Budget.
Let’s treat the migrant not as a failure, but as Bihar’s most hardworking ambassador — a citizen who has built India city by city, brick by brick.

Migration is Bihar’s industry, enterprise, and opportunity.
It’s time the government accepts it — not as shame, but as reality.

So yes — let’s make it official.
Let’s have a Ministry of Migration.
Let’s stop migrating from the truth.

Tags: Indian Politics,Ravish Kumar,Hindi,Video,

Analysis of the HIRE Act’s Potential Impact on the Indian Economy

See All Articles on Politics/Finance/Layoffs
The Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment (HIRE) Act is primarily a U.S.-focused legislative measure; however, its wide-ranging economic implications can extend to countries with significant economic and trade ties to the United States, such as India. Analyzing the potential impact of the HIRE Act on the Indian economy involves considering several key factors: foreign direct investment (FDI), bilateral trade relations, and labor market dynamics.

1. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

The HIRE Act, by stimulating employment and economic growth within the United States, can indirectly influence FDI flows. A robust U.S. economy may lead to increased investment from U.S. companies in foreign nations, including India. Conversely, U.S. businesses benefiting from tax incentives to hire domestically might reduce their investments abroad, potentially impacting sectors in India reliant on such investments. Understanding these dynamics is crucial, as FDI is a significant driver of economic growth and development in India, supporting infrastructure projects and the transfer of technology and expertise.

2. Bilateral Trade Relations

India-U.S. trade relations are a cornerstone of economic interaction between the two nations. The HIRE Act's focus on job creation and industrial growth can affect these relations in various ways. Increased economic activity in the U.S. might lead to higher demand for Indian exports, particularly in industries where India holds competitive advantages, such as IT services and pharmaceuticals. On the other hand, if U.S.-based companies become more self-sufficient or protectionist due to domestic economic incentives, this could pose a challenge to Indian exporters seeking to maintain or expand their market share in the U.S.

3. Labor Market Dynamics

While the HIRE Act is intended to enhance employment within the U.S., it also indirectly affects labor market conditions in countries like India. For example, by fostering greater collaboration through outsourcing and partnerships, Indian tech firms may find new opportunities to complement U.S. workforce demands. However, if domestic hiring incentives in the U.S. reduce outsourcing, there could be negative implications for Indian businesses heavily reliant on such contracts.

4. Economic Policies and Reforms

The HIRE Act's emphasis on incentivizing employment through fiscal measures could serve as a model for India as it navigates its own path toward economic recovery and growth. Policymakers in India may consider adapting similar strategies, particularly in sectors affected by rapid technological change and evolving global markets, to stimulate job creation and sustain economic momentum.

Conclusion

The HIRE Act's potential impact on the Indian economy is multifaceted, with implications spanning investment flows, trade dynamics, and employment strategies. While some effects may directly benefit the Indian economy through increased trade and FDI, others may pose challenges that require careful navigation by policymakers and business leaders. As both nations continue to engage in strategic economic dialogue, understanding these interactions will be key to sustaining mutually beneficial growth.
Tags: Politics,Finance,Layoffs,