Peeking into the data to see why Cluster 0 is having articles from all known Article Categories.
There are five Article Categories: Business, Entertainment, Politics, Sport, TechArticle ID
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ailing eurodisney vows turnaround eurodisney the european home of mickey mouse and friends has said it will sell 253m euros (£175m; $328m) of new shares as it looks to avoid insolvency. the sale is the last part of a plan to restructure 2.4bn euros-worth of debts. despite struggling since it was opened in 1992 eurodisney has recently made progress in turning its business around and ticket sales have picked up. however analysts still question whether it attracts enough visitors to stay open even with the restructuring. eurodisney remains europe s largest single tourist attraction attracting some 12.4 million visitors annually. a new attraction - walt disney studios - has recently opened its site near paris. the company s currently traded stock tumbled in paris on the latest news shedding 15% to 22 euro cents. eurodisney will sell the new shares priced at 9 euros cents each. the us disney corporation and saudi arabian prince al-walid bin talal the firm s two main shareholders will buy the new stock. the restructuring deal is the second in the firm s troubled financial history; its finances were first reorganised in 1994.Category
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ailing eurodisney vow turnaround eurodisney european home mickey mouse friend said sell 253m euro 175m 328m new share look avoid insolvency sale last part plan restructure 4bn euro worth debt despite struggling since opened 1992 eurodisney recently made progress turning business around ticket sale picked however analyst still question whether attracts enough visitor stay open even restructuring eurodisney remains europe largest single tourist attraction attracting million visitor annually new attraction walt disney studio recently opened site near paris company currently traded stock tumbled paris latest news shedding euro cent eurodisney sell new share priced euro cent disney corporation saudi arabian prince walid bin talal firm two main shareholder buy new stock restructuring deal second firm troubled financial history finance first reorganised 1994Prediction
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french honour for director parker british film director sir alan parker has been made an officer in the order of arts and letters one of france s highest cultural honours. sir alan received his decoration in paris on wednesday from french culture minister renaud donnedieu de vabres. you have explored the possibilities of film with an immense talent mr de vabres said as he presented the award. parker praised french films saying: hollywood which created modern cinema uses it only as a commodity. he told the minister: i am honoured to be thus distinguished by france the flag carrier of cinema throughout the world. sir alan s films include oscar-winning fame plus midnight express and the commitments. a founding member of the director s guild of great britain he is a former chairman of the uk film council and on the board of the british film institute. through your work and your campaigns you have shown us how the artist occupies an essential place in our contemporary society mr de vabres said. through your dreams which you show us through the links that you weave you question the world through the mirror of your work. he also cited the director s 2003 film the life of david gale in which kevin spacey played a man on death row as proof of his veritable artistic commitment against the death sentence .Category
entertainmentpreprocessed_text
french honour director parker british film director sir alan parker made officer order art letter one france highest cultural honour sir alan received decoration paris french culture minister renaud donnedieu vabres explored possibility film immense talent vabres said presented award parker praised french film saying hollywood created modern cinema us commodity told minister honoured thus distinguished france flag carrier cinema throughout world sir alan film include oscar winning fame plus midnight express commitment founding member director guild great britain former chairman film council board british film institute work campaign shown artist occupies essential place contemporary society vabres said dream show link weave question world mirror work also cited director 2003 film life david gale kevin spacey played man death row proof veritable artistic commitment death sentencePrediction
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sainsbury s labour election gift science minister lord sainsbury has made a £2m donation to the labour party for its general election fund. it is the latest hefty donation to the party by the billionaire - he has contributed more than £10m since 1999. david sainsbury said he was pleased to give cash to a party that had the vision to deliver economic prosperity and better public services for britain. general secretary matt carter said it was a fantastic gift that would help labour fight and win the election . through the generosity of david sainsbury and other labour supporters labour will be campaigning hard to take britain forward and to stop the tories taking us back mr carter said. lord sainsbury added: i am pleased to be able to make this contribution to the general election funds of the labour party because i believe that they are the only party that has the vision to deliver both economic prosperity and better public services for britain. the 64-year-old latest donation follows a £2.5m gift to the party in 2003. lord sainsbury was created a life peer in 1997 a year before he was appointed as minister for science.Category
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sainsbury labour election gift science minister lord sainsbury made donation labour party general election fund latest hefty donation party billionaire contributed 10m since 1999 david sainsbury said pleased give cash party vision deliver economic prosperity better public service britain general secretary matt carter said fantastic gift would help labour fight win election generosity david sainsbury labour supporter labour campaigning hard take britain forward stop tory taking back carter said lord sainsbury added pleased able make contribution general election fund labour party believe party vision deliver economic prosperity better public service britain year old latest donation follows gift party 2003 lord sainsbury created life peer 1997 year appointed minister sciencePrediction
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wales silent on grand slam talk rhys williams says wales are still not thinking of winning the grand slam despite a third six nations win. that s the last thing on our minds at the moment said williams a second- half replacement in saturday s 24-18 win over france in paris. we all realise how difficult a task it is to go up to scotland and beat them. we ve come unstuck there a couple of times recently so our focus is on that game and we ll worry about ireland hopefully after we ve beaten scotland. with captain gareth thomas ruled out of the rest of the campaign with a broken thumb williams is vying for his first start in the championship so far. kevin morgan is probably favourite to replace thomas at full-back leaving williams and hal luscombe to battle for the right wing berth. a hamstring injury denied luscombe the opportunity to make a third successive start but the dragons winger is expected to be fit for the trip to murrayfield on 13 march. hooker robin mcbryde is doubtful after picking up a knee injury in paris but centre sonny parker and flanker colin charvis are set to recover from injury to be in contention for selection. said wales assistant coach scott johnson: they ve worked through the weekend and the reports are a bit more positive. so we re getting a couple back and that adds to the depth of the squad. scotland secured their first win of the campaign on saturday by grinding out an 18-10 win over italy. matt williams side has shown little in attack but johnson insisted the scots will be difficult opposition to break down. italy are really brave opposition and sometimes it s very hard to win he said. so an ugly win can be just as effective as a 30 or 40 point victory. scotland are a hard side and very underrated so we re not taking anything for granted. we re not basking in the glory of winning our first three games. we ve got to be diligent in our preparation. that s my job and we ve got to make sure we re focused.Category
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wale silent grand slam talk rhys williams say wale still thinking winning grand slam despite third six nation win last thing mind moment said williams second half replacement win france paris realise difficult task scotland beat come unstuck couple time recently focus game worry ireland hopefully beaten scotland captain gareth thomas ruled rest campaign broken thumb williams vying first start championship far kevin morgan probably favourite replace thomas full back leaving williams hal luscombe battle right wing berth hamstring injury denied luscombe opportunity make third successive start dragon winger expected fit trip murrayfield march hooker robin mcbryde doubtful picking knee injury paris centre sonny parker flanker colin charvis set recover injury contention selection said wale assistant coach scott johnson worked weekend report bit positive getting couple back add depth squad scotland secured first win campaign grinding win italy matt williams side shown little attack johnson insisted scot difficult opposition break italy really brave opposition sometimes hard win said ugly win effective point victory scotland hard side underrated taking anything granted basking glory winning first three game got diligent preparation job got make sure focusedPrediction
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bbc leads interactive bafta wins the bbc and the national theatre have led the field at this year s interactive bafta awards. the national theatre s stagework website picked up the prize for best learning as well as top factual site. the bbc collected three awards including best online entertainment for the hitchhiker s guide to the galaxy adventure game. spooks interactive took the best interactive tv prize. the annual awards recognise the best in digital media. bbc sport interactive fought off competition from cbbc newsround and the guardian to take home the best news and sport trophy for its coverage of england s exit from euro 2004. it was recognised for its groundbreaking use of animation. bafta s grant dean chair of bafta s interactive entertainment committee said all the entrants had been of outstanding quality and that judging had been enormously difficult . without a doubt 2005 has been a landmark year for the bafta interactive awards he added. many of the top awards this year have gone to the companies we most commonly associate with traditional entertainment showing how the gap between new media film and television is closing. awards were given out in 12 different categories including interactive tv film music design as well as technical and social innovation at a london ceremony. the top music award was given to sseyo minimixa a mobile music sequencer designed to let people write edit and share compositions. warner bros was given two prizes for its inspiring efforts in film and dvd interactivity. the chaplin collection beat oasis really bend it like beckham shaun of the dead and the day today in the dvd category and trauma won best film. elsewhere fashionista and clothes designer alexander mcqueen took the accolade for the best-designed website. the awards have been running since 1997 but in 2002 the british academy of film and television decided to split them into separate games and interactive ceremonies. on tuesday half-life 2 dominated the games prizes. it collected six baftas including best game and best online game.Category
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bbc lead interactive bafta win bbc national theatre led field year interactive bafta award national theatre stagework website picked prize best learning well top factual site bbc collected three award including best online entertainment hitchhiker guide galaxy adventure game spook interactive took best interactive prize annual award recognise best digital medium bbc sport interactive fought competition cbbc newsround guardian take home best news sport trophy coverage england exit euro 2004 recognised groundbreaking use animation bafta grant dean chair bafta interactive entertainment committee said entrant outstanding quality judging enormously difficult without doubt 2005 landmark year bafta interactive award added many top award year gone company commonly associate traditional entertainment showing gap new medium film television closing award given different category including interactive film music design well technical social innovation london ceremony top music award given sseyo minimixa mobile music sequencer designed let people write edit share composition warner bros given two prize inspiring effort film dvd interactivity chaplin collection beat oasis really bend like beckham shaun dead day today dvd category trauma best film elsewhere fashionista clothes designer alexander mcqueen took accolade best designed website award running since 1997 2002 british academy film television decided split separate game interactive ceremony half life dominated game prize collected six baftas including best game best online gamePrediction
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Peeking into the data to see why 'Business' category is falling into multiple clusters.
We have five cluster labels: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4ArticleId
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saudi investor picks up the savoy london s famous savoy hotel has been sold to a group combining saudi billionaire investor prince alwaleed bin talal and a unit of hbos bank. financial details of the deal which includes the nearby simpson s in the strand restaurant were not disclosed. the seller - irish-based property firm quinlan private - bought the savoy along with the berkeley claridge s and the connaught for £750m last year. prince alwaleed s hotel investments include the luxury george v in paris. he also has substantial stakes in fairmont hotels & resorts which will manage the savoy and simpson s in the strand and four seasons. fairmont said it planned to invest $48m (£26m) in renovating parts of the savoy including the river room and suites with views over the river thames. work was expected to be completed by summer 2006 fairmont said.Category
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saudi investor pick savoy london famous savoy hotel sold group combining saudi billionaire investor prince alwaleed bin talal unit hbos bank financial detail deal includes nearby simpson strand restaurant disclosed seller irish based property firm quinlan private bought savoy along berkeley claridge connaught 750m last year prince alwaleed hotel investment include luxury george paris also substantial stake fairmont hotel resort manage savoy simpson strand four season fairmont said planned invest 48m 26m renovating part savoy including river room suite view river thames work expected completed summer 2006 fairmont saidPrediction
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worldcom ex-boss launches defence lawyers defending former worldcom chief bernie ebbers against a battery of fraud charges have called a company whistleblower as their first witness. cynthia cooper worldcom s ex-head of internal accounting alerted directors to irregular accounting practices at the us telecoms giant in 2002. her warnings led to the collapse of the firm following the discovery of an $11bn (£5.7bn) accounting fraud. mr ebbers has pleaded not guilty to charges of fraud and conspiracy. prosecution lawyers have argued that mr ebbers orchestrated a series of accounting tricks at worldcom ordering employees to hide expenses and inflate revenues to meet wall street earnings estimates. but ms cooper who now runs her own consulting business told a jury in new york on wednesday that external auditors arthur andersen had approved worldcom s accounting in early 2001 and 2002. she said andersen had given a green light to the procedures and practices used by worldcom. mr ebber s lawyers have said he was unaware of the fraud arguing that auditors did not alert him to any problems. ms cooper also said that during shareholder meetings mr ebbers often passed over technical questions to the company s finance chief giving only brief answers himself. the prosecution s star witness former worldcom financial chief scott sullivan has said that mr ebbers ordered accounting adjustments at the firm telling him to hit our books . however ms cooper said mr sullivan had not mentioned anything uncomfortable about worldcom s accounting during a 2001 audit committee meeting. mr ebbers could face a jail sentence of 85 years if convicted of all the charges he is facing. worldcom emerged from bankruptcy protection in 2004 and is now known as mci. last week mci agreed to a buyout by verizon communications in a deal valued at $6.75bn.Category
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worldcom bos launch defence lawyer defending former worldcom chief bernie ebbers battery fraud charge called company whistleblower first witness cynthia cooper worldcom head internal accounting alerted director irregular accounting practice telecom giant 2002 warning led collapse firm following discovery 11bn 7bn accounting fraud ebbers pleaded guilty charge fraud conspiracy prosecution lawyer argued ebbers orchestrated series accounting trick worldcom ordering employee hide expense inflate revenue meet wall street earnings estimate cooper run consulting business told jury new york external auditor arthur andersen approved worldcom accounting early 2001 2002 said andersen given green light procedure practice used worldcom ebber lawyer said unaware fraud arguing auditor alert problem cooper also said shareholder meeting ebbers often passed technical question company finance chief giving brief answer prosecution star witness former worldcom financial chief scott sullivan said ebbers ordered accounting adjustment firm telling hit book however cooper said sullivan mentioned anything uncomfortable worldcom accounting 2001 audit committee meeting ebbers could face jail sentence year convicted charge facing worldcom emerged bankruptcy protection 2004 known mci last week mci agreed buyout verizon communication deal valued 75bnPrediction
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german business confidence slides german business confidence fell in february knocking hopes of a speedy recovery in europe s largest economy. munich-based research institute ifo said that its confidence index fell to 95.5 in february from 97.5 in january its first decline in three months. the study found that the outlook in both the manufacturing and retail sectors had worsened. observers had been hoping that a more confident business sector would signal that economic activity was picking up. we re surprised that the ifo index has taken such a knock said dz bank economist bernd weidensteiner. the main reason is probably that the domestic economy is still weak particularly in the retail trade. economy and labour minister wolfgang clement called the dip in february s ifo confidence figure a very mild decline . he said that despite the retreat the index remained at a relatively high level and that he expected a modest economic upswing to continue. germany s economy grew 1.6% last year after shrinking in 2003. however the economy contracted by 0.2% during the last three months of 2004 mainly due to the reluctance of consumers to spend. latest indications are that growth is still proving elusive and ifo president hans-werner sinn said any improvement in german domestic demand was sluggish. exports had kept things going during the first half of 2004 but demand for exports was then hit as the value of the euro hit record levels making german products less competitive overseas. on top of that the unemployment rate has been stuck at close to 10% and manufacturing firms including daimlerchrysler siemens and volkswagen have been negotiating with unions over cost cutting measures. analysts said that the ifo figures and germany s continuing problems may delay an interest rate rise by the european central bank. eurozone interest rates are at 2% but comments from senior officials have recently focused on the threat of inflation prompting fears that interest rates may rise.Category
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german business confidence slide german business confidence fell february knocking hope speedy recovery europe largest economy munich based research institute ifo said confidence index fell february january first decline three month study found outlook manufacturing retail sector worsened observer hoping confident business sector would signal economic activity picking surprised ifo index taken knock said bank economist bernd weidensteiner main reason probably domestic economy still weak particularly retail trade economy labour minister wolfgang clement called dip february ifo confidence figure mild decline said despite retreat index remained relatively high level expected modest economic upswing continue germany economy grew last year shrinking 2003 however economy contracted last three month 2004 mainly due reluctance consumer spend latest indication growth still proving elusive ifo president han werner sinn said improvement german domestic demand sluggish export kept thing going first half 2004 demand export hit value euro hit record level making german product le competitive overseas top unemployment rate stuck close manufacturing firm including daimlerchrysler siemens volkswagen negotiating union cost cutting measure analyst said ifo figure germany continuing problem may delay interest rate rise european central bank eurozone interest rate comment senior official recently focused threat inflation prompting fear interest rate may risePrediction
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making your office work for you our mission to brighten up your working lives continues - and this time we re taking a long hard look at your offices. over the next few months our panel of experts will be listening to your gripes about where you work and suggesting ways to make your workspace more efficient more congenial or simply prettier. this week we re hearing from marianne petersen who is planning to convert a barn in sweden into a base for her freelance writing work. click on the link under her photograph to read her story and then scroll down to see what the panel have to say. and if you want to take part in the series go to the bottom of the story to find out how to get in touch. working from home presents a multitude of challenges. understanding your work personality allows you to work in terms of your own style. do you feel confident about your work output without conferring with others are you able to retain discipline and self motivate to get the job done do you build on the ideas of others - or are you a more introspective problem solver . in order for a virtual office to succeed keeping the boundary between work and home life is essential. it may be useful to be quite rigid about who is allowed to visit and to keep strict office hours. referring to the space as work will give those around you a clear message that this is professional space. it is imperative to consider how to bring the outside world into yours keeping up to date with developments and maintaining a network. isolated work environments mean this has to be carefully thought out and a strategy has to be developed that suits both your personality and your industry. joining professional groups or forming a loose association of like-minded people may assist. it is useful to structure these meetings in advance as often they get relegated to less important status when times are busy - with the danger that when the workload eases they have to be resurrected. prior to any interior work being undertaken it is essential to ensure that the roof and walls are made water-and-weather-tight and the structure is checked for stability. it appears that the roof trusses may need repairs and additional bracing. ideally the roof should be replaced with an outer material in keeping with the character and location of the barn. this would also allow for a well-insulated inner skin to be provided which should be light coloured. it is likely that the most efficient way of heating the building is with electricity. in order to provide this the owner will need to have an electrical engineer calculate the potential heating power and lighting load to make sure the mains supply and distribution capacity are adequate. ideally it would be good to have a mains water supply and some means of drainage for toilet and washing facilities. the walls should be dry lined with a single skin of plasterboard laid over rockwool slab which will allow good wall insulation and the power and lighting circuits to be concealed and the walls should be painted in a light colour. the owner mentions she might lay a new floor over the existing planks; this will improve the insulation and offer a level surface. i would suggest laying new oak veneer planks which can work in with the character of the barn. as for lighting consider a combination of floor mounted uplights wall lights (wall washers) and selected downlights. use a combination of mains voltage fluorescent fittings and dimmable units which can vary the light levels and the feel of the interior. please click on the link to the right here to see my ideas for marianne s barn. the layout of this office reflects the need to have a working area and a more relaxed meeting space. large desk space and extensive storage would combine with tub chairs to maximise the space available. the finishes chosen for the furniture will need to reflect the unusual setting while the lighting and temperature control mechanisms used will further influence the workplace. regarding accessing the internet via the connection in the main house your plan of going wireless is sensible. a wireless router/access point in the house with a wireless lan card in the pc in the renovated area may be sufficient. however important points to consider are the distance between the two buildings and the nature of the materials through which the signals have to pass which could result in a weak signal strength. you may require an additional wireless access point in the renovated area. your local it supplier will be able to advise on this. if you haven t already invested in robust firewall and anti-virus software it is essential to do so to protect your investment. to really take advantage of wireless technology you might consider a laptop computer and a docking station with external mouse and monitor. or you could use one of the new tablet computers which allow you to write directly on the screen and convert into text with built-in hand recognition software. and finally you will save money and space by considering a multi-function product for print scan copy and fax.Category
businesspreprocessed_text
making office work mission brighten working life continues time taking long hard look office next month panel expert listening gripe work suggesting way make workspace efficient congenial simply prettier week hearing marianne petersen planning convert barn sweden base freelance writing work click link photograph read story scroll see panel say want take part series bottom story find get touch working home present multitude challenge understanding work personality allows work term style feel confident work output without conferring others able retain discipline self motivate get job done build idea others introspective problem solver order virtual office succeed keeping boundary work home life essential may useful quite rigid allowed visit keep strict office hour referring space work give around clear message professional space imperative consider bring outside world keeping date development maintaining network isolated work environment mean carefully thought strategy developed suit personality industry joining professional group forming loose association like minded people may assist useful structure meeting advance often get relegated le important status time busy danger workload eas resurrected prior interior work undertaken essential ensure roof wall made water weather tight structure checked stability appears roof truss may need repair additional bracing ideally roof replaced outer material keeping character location barn would also allow well insulated inner skin provided light coloured likely efficient way heating building electricity order provide owner need electrical engineer calculate potential heating power lighting load make sure main supply distribution capacity adequate ideally would good main water supply mean drainage toilet washing facility wall dry lined single skin plasterboard laid rockwool slab allow good wall insulation power lighting circuit concealed wall painted light colour owner mention might lay new floor existing plank improve insulation offer level surface would suggest laying new oak veneer plank work character barn lighting consider combination floor mounted uplights wall light wall washer selected downlights use combination main voltage fluorescent fitting dimmable unit vary light level feel interior please click link right see idea marianne barn layout office reflects need working area relaxed meeting space large desk space extensive storage would combine tub chair maximise space available finish chosen furniture need reflect unusual setting lighting temperature control mechanism used influence workplace regarding accessing internet via connection main house plan going wireless sensible wireless router access point house wireless lan card renovated area may sufficient however important point consider distance two building nature material signal pas could result weak signal strength may require additional wireless access point renovated area local supplier able advise already invested robust firewall anti virus software essential protect investment really take advantage wireless technology might consider laptop computer docking station external mouse monitor could use one new tablet computer allow write directly screen convert text built hand recognition software finally save money space considering multi function product print scan copy faxPrediction
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arsenal may seek full share listing arsenal vice-chairman david dein has said the club may consider seeking a full listing for its shares on the london stock exchange. speaking at the soccerex football business forum in dubai he said a full listing was one of the options for funding after the club moves to its new stadium. the club - which is currently listed on the smaller ofex share exchange - is due to move into its new 60 000-seater emirates stadium at ashburton grove for the start of the 2006/07 season. mr dein also warned the current level of tv coverage of the premiership may be reaching saturation level with signs that match attendances have been dropping off in the first few months of this season. when arsenal moves to its new stadium it will see its proportion of turnover from media earnings drop from 52% this season to 34% in two years time. the club is hoping to increase matchday earnings from 29% to 40% of turnover and has not ruled out other money-earning means including a full share listing. when the new stadium opens we will go through a thorough financial review mr dein said. listing would be one option but we are flexible and no decisions have been made on that issue yet. we want to be in the best financial health - maybe clubs can do it (listing) manchester united have been a success. mr dein said that although television money and coverage had driven the english game forward in the past 10 years he feared there might now be too many games being shown. since the formation of the premier league in season 1992/93 premiership clubs have seen their income from television soar. television has been the driving force over the past 10 years... but we must constantly improve if we want to remain as the world s leading league competition. we must monitor the quality of the product and ensure attendances do not decline and we must balance that with the quantity of exposure on tv too. i think we have practically reached saturation point... sometimes i think less is more. the club is funding its move to ashburton grove through a number of sources including debt from banks from money it already has and will receive in coming years from sponsors and from the sale of surplus property including its highbury stadium. it is also looking to create new revenue streams from overseas markets including asia. we have two executives travelling round japan and china at the moment building relationships with organisations and clubs and we know our supporters clubs are growing there too as they are around the world. we have got a very good product so it is very important we go and look at these markets and make sure we are on the case.Category
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arsenal may seek full share listing arsenal vice chairman david dein said club may consider seeking full listing share london stock exchange speaking soccerex football business forum dubai said full listing one option funding club move new stadium club currently listed smaller ofex share exchange due move new 000 seater emirate stadium ashburton grove start 2006 season dein also warned current level coverage premiership may reaching saturation level sign match attendance dropping first month season arsenal move new stadium see proportion turnover medium earnings drop season two year time club hoping increase matchday earnings turnover ruled money earning mean including full share listing new stadium open thorough financial review dein said listing would one option flexible decision made issue yet want best financial health maybe club listing manchester united success dein said although television money coverage driven english game forward past year feared might many game shown since formation premier league season 1992 premiership club seen income television soar television driving force past year must constantly improve want remain world leading league competition must monitor quality product ensure attendance decline must balance quantity exposure think practically reached saturation point sometimes think le club funding move ashburton grove number source including debt bank money already receive coming year sponsor sale surplus property including highbury stadium also looking create new revenue stream overseas market including asia two executive travelling round japan china moment building relationship organisation club know supporter club growing around world got good product important look market make sure casePrediction
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Sunday, June 5, 2022
Creating a Taxonomy for BBC News Articles (Part 3)
Tri Nagar Home Renovation Notes (2022 Jun 05)
Index of Journals
Tags: Journal,1: Jay Ambay Aluminium Fabricator (2022 May 5)
2: Md Aslam (29 May 2022)
3: Md Aslam Plumber Material
4: Measurements of Ground Floor Bathroom for Tejbhan Vidhayak Mason (2022 May 26) I
5: Measurements of Ground Floor Bathroom for Tejbhan Vidhayak Mason (2022 May 26) II
6: Tiles on St. 75 side Ground floor rooms (Tajbhan Vidhayak, 2022-Jun-5)
7: Ventilation Fan for Ground Floor bathroom (2022 May 31)
Saturday, June 4, 2022
Wikipedia asking for donation in India 2022-Jun-4
Image 1: Text as on 2022-Jun-10: To all our readers in India, Please don't scroll past this. This Friday, we request you to sustain Wikipedia's independence. 98% of our readers don't donate; they simply keep reading. If you are an exceptional reader who has already donated, we sincerely thank you. If you donate just ₹ 50 today, Wikipedia could keep growing for years. We request you: please don’t scroll away. If Wikipedia has given you ₹ 50 worth of knowledge, kindly take a minute to donate. Show the world that access to reliable, neutral information matters to you. Thank you. Image 2:Tags: Technology,FOSS
Lariago 250mg Tablet (anti-parasitic for Malaria)
Lariago 250mg Tablet Manufacturer Ipca Laboratories Ltd SALT COMPOSITION Chloroquine (250mg)Product introduction
Lariago 250mg Tablet is an antiparasitic medicine, used for the prevention and treatment of malaria. It works by killing the malaria-causing parasite and stops the infection from spreading. Lariago 250mg Tablet should be used in the dose and duration as advised by your doctor. Take it with food to decrease the risk of stomach upset. Do not skip any doses and finish the full course of treatment even if you feel better. Stopping it early can result in treatment failure and increase the side effects too. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed dose. Simply take the next dose as planned. Take measures to reduce the chance of being bitten by mosquitoes like using insect repellent creams on parts of your body, not covered by clothing. Spray mosquito repellent to kill any mosquitoes that may have entered rooms in spite of screening. Wear light-colored and covered clothing when you are outside after sunset. Some people may experience rash, headache, dizziness, and vomiting as side effects of this medicine. It may also cause stomach pain, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and nausea. Please consult your doctor if these side effects persist for a longer duration. Inform your doctor if you have diabetes as it can lower the sugar levels in the blood. If you are diabetic, you should monitor your blood sugar regularly. It may cause blurring of vision. Therefore, regular eye examinations are recommended while on treatment with this medicine. When used long-term, your doctor may monitor the amounts of the different types of blood cells in your blood regularly. Inform your doctor if you have unexplained bruising or bleeding, sore throat, fever, or a general feeling of tiredness.Uses of Lariago Tablet
Treatment of MalariaBenefits of Lariago Tablet
In Treatment of Malaria Lariago 250mg Tablet is used to treat malaria, a serious or life-threatening illness that is spread by a parasite that enters the human body by the bite of infected mosquitoes. It kills the infection causing parasite and stops further spread of the infection. Take it only as prescribed and refrain from taking any other medicines along with this medicine (unless advised by the doctor) as they may affect the absorption of this medicine. Do not use this medicine for treating any other condition without consulting your doctor.Side effects of Lariago Tablet
Most side effects do not require any medical attention and disappear as your body adjusts to the medicine. Consult your doctor if they persist or if you’re worried about them Common side effects of Lariago Rash Headache Dizziness Vomiting Nausea Stomach pain Loss of appetite DiarrheaQuick tips
1. Lariago 250mg Tablet is used for the prevention and treatment of malaria. 2. Take it with food to decrease the risk of stomach upset. 3. Tips to reduce the chance of being bitten by mosquitoes: Wear light-colored and covered clothing when you are outside after sunset. Use insect repellent creams or sprays on parts of your body not covered by clothing. Spray to kill any mosquitoes that may have entered rooms despite screening. 4. It may cause a blurring of vision when you first start taking it. Use caution while driving or doing anything that requires concentration. 5. Eye examination before and at 3–6 monthly intervals during use is required if patients are receiving Lariago 250mg Tablet at continuous high doses for a longer duration. 6. It may cause low blood sugar levels. Monitor your blood sugar level regularly, if you are diabetic. 7. When used long-term, your doctor may monitor the amounts of the different types of blood cells in your blood regularly. Inform your doctor if you have unexplained bruising or bleeding, sore throat, fever, or a general feeling of tiredness.Fact Box
Chemical Class 4-Aminoquinoline derivative Habit Forming No Therapeutic Class OPHTHAL Action Class Antimalarial- Aminoquinolines
OINA-TF Ointment
OINA-TF Ointment Manufacturer: Saar Biotech Salt: 1: Oilaxacin (0.5% w/w) 2: Fluocinolone Acetonide (0.01% w/w) 3: Clotrimazole (1% w/w) 4: Chlorocresol (0.1% w/w)Tags: Medicine,1: Ofloxacin
Ofloxacin is a quinolone antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. When taken by mouth or injection into a vein, these include pneumonia, cellulitis, urinary tract infections, prostatitis, plague, and certain types of infectious diarrhea. Other uses, along with other medications, include treating multidrug resistant tuberculosis. An eye drop may be used for a superficial bacterial infection of the eye and an ear drop may be used for otitis media when a hole in the ear drum is present. When taken by mouth, common side effects include vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and rash. Other serious side effect include tendon rupture, numbness due to nerve damage, seizures, and psychosis. Use in pregnancy is typically not recommended. Ofloxacin is in the fluoroquinolone family of medications. It works by interfering with the bacterium's DNA. Ofloxacin was patented in 1980 and approved for medical use in 1985. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Ofloxacin is available as a generic medication. In 2017, it was the 278th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than one million prescriptions.Mode of action
Ofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It functions by inhibiting two bacterial type II topoisomerases, DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Topoisomerase IV is an enzyme necessary to separate (mostly in prokaryotes, in bacteria in particular) replicated DNA, thereby inhibiting bacterial cell division.2: Fluocinolone Acetonide
Fluocinolone acetonide is a corticosteroid primarily used in dermatology to reduce skin inflammation and relieve itching.[citation needed] It is a synthetic hydrocortisone derivative. The fluorine substitution at position 9 in the steroid nucleus greatly enhances its activity. It was first synthesized in 1959 in the Research Department of Syntex Laboratories S.A. Mexico City.[1] Preparations containing it were first marketed under the name Synalar. A typical dosage strength used in dermatology is 0.01–0.025%. One such cream is sold under the brand name Flucort-N and includes the antibiotic neomycin. Fluocinolone acetonide was also found to strongly potentiate TGF-β-associated chondrogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells, by increasing the levels of collagen type II by more than 100 fold compared to the widely used dexamethasone.[2] Fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implants have been used to treat non-infectious uveitis. A systematic review could not determine whether fluocinolone acetonide implants are superior to standard of care treatment for uveitis.[3] A fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant with the brand name Iluvien is sold by biopharmaceutical company Alimera Sciences to treat diabetic macular edema (DME).[4] It was approved for medical use in 1961.3: Clotrimazole
Clotrimazole, sold under the brand name Lotrimin, among others, is an antifungal medication. It is used to treat vaginal yeast infections, oral thrush, diaper rash, tinea versicolor, and types of ringworm including athlete's foot and jock itch. It can be taken by mouth or applied as a cream to the skin or in the vagina.[1] Common side effects when taken by mouth include nausea and itchiness.[1] When applied to the skin, common side effects include redness and a burning sensation.[1] In pregnancy, use on the skin or in the vagina is believed to be safe.[1] There is no evidence of harm when used by mouth during pregnancy but this has been less well studied. When used by mouth, greater care should be taken in those with liver problems. It is in the azole class of medications and works by disrupting the fungal cell membrane. Clotrimazole was discovered in 1969. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication.Pharmacodynamics
Clotrimazole is an imidazole derivative which works by inhibiting the growth of individual Candida or fungal cells by altering the permeability of the fungal cell wall. It binds to phospholipids in the cell membrane and inhibits the biosynthesis of ergosterol and other sterols required for cell membrane production. Clotrimazole may slow fungal growth or result in fungal cell death.4: Chlorocresol
p-Chlorocresol is the organic compound with the formula ClC6H4OH. It is a monochlorinated m-cresol. It is a white or colorless solid that is only slightly soluble in water. As a solution in alcohol and in combination with other phenols, it is used as an antiseptic and preservative. It is a moderate allergen for sensitive skin. p-Chlorocresol is prepared by chlorination of m-cresol.
Librium 10 Tablet (benzodiazepine)
Librium 10 Tablet Manufacturer Abbott SALT COMPOSITION Chlordiazepoxide (10mg)Tags: Medicine,Psychology,Product introduction
Librium 10 Tablet belongs to a class of medicines known as benzodiazepine anxiolytics. It is used to treat severe anxiety. It alters brain activity and calms it thereby providing relief. Librium 10 Tablet may be taken with or without food. However, it is advised to take it at the same time each day as this helps to maintain a consistent level of medicine in the body. Take this medicine in the dose and duration as advised by your doctor as it has a high potential of habit-forming. If you have missed a dose, take it as soon as you remember it and finish the full course of treatment even if you feel better. This medication mustn't be stopped suddenly without talking to the doctor as it may cause nausea and anxiety. The most common side effects of this medicine include lightheadedness, drowsiness, sedation, dizziness, fatigue, balance disorder, unsteadiness, and uncoordinated body movements. It may cause dizziness and sleepiness, so do not drive or do anything that requires mental focus until you know how this medicine affects you. If you have been taking this medicine for a long time then regular monitoring of blood and liver functions may be required.Uses of Librium Tablet
1. Severe anxiety 2. Alcohol withdrawalBenefits of Librium Tablet
In Severe anxiety Librium 10 Tablet gives short-term relief from the symptoms of excessive anxiety and worry. It can also reduce feelings of restlessness, tiredness, difficulty concentrating and feeling irritable. It will therefore help you go about your daily activities more easily and be more productive. Keep taking this medicine even if you feel well. Stopping it suddenly can cause serious problems. So, do not stop taking it without discussing with your doctor. In Alcohol withdrawal Librium 10 Tablet helps relieve unpleasant withdrawal symptoms. It takes roughly 30 minutes for a patient to feel the effects of Librium 10 Tablet. It lowers symptoms of anxiety and muscle spasms caused by alcohol withdrawal. When used along with social support and counseling, it helps people recover from alcohol addiction and to avoid having the urge to drink alcohol again.Side effects of Librium Tablet
Most side effects do not require any medical attention and disappear as your body adjusts to the medicine. Consult your doctor if they persist or if you’re worried about them. Common side effects of Librium Lightheadedness Drowsiness Sedation Dizziness Uncoordinated body movements Fatigue Unsteadiness Balance disorder (loss of balance)How Librium Tablet works
Librium 10 Tablet is a benzodiazepine. It works by increasing the action of a chemical messenger (GABA) which suppresses the abnormal and excessive activity of the nerve cells in the brain.Fact Box
Chemical Class Benzodiazepines Derivative Habit Forming Yes Therapeutic Class NEURO CNS Action Class Benzodiazepines
Friday, June 3, 2022
SkyEc Care Best Shampoo for Dogs & Cats
Tags: Medicine,Medicine for dogs,Product highlights
1. It deodorizes and helps relieve fungal and bacterial skin infections such as dermatitis and pyoderma 2. It helps regulate and retain moisture in hair and strengthens hair follicles for healthy growth 3. It promotes healthy skin and coat to reduce shedding 4. Natural ingredients helps protect against excessive shedding leaving a healthy and shiny coat 5. Powerful antibacterial properties cleanses wounds and skin irritations; can help prevent bacterial and fungal infections when used regularlyKey Ingredients
1. Wheat germ oil 2. Vitamins 3. Fatty acids
Nimulid-MD Tablet
Nimulid-MD Tablet Manufacturer Panacea Biotec Ltd SALT COMPOSITION Nimesulide (100mg)Tags: Medicine,Product introduction
Nimulid-MD Tablet is a pain-relieving medicine. It is used for the treatment of inflammatory conditions including joint disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, postoperative painful condition, fever, and period pain. Nimulid-MD Tablet should be taken with food. This will prevent you from getting an upset stomach. In general, you should try to use the smallest amount necessary to control your symptoms, for the shortest possible time. You should take this medicine regularly while you need it. Try not to miss doses as this will make the medicine less effective. Some common side effects of this medicine include diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. If any of these side effects do not resolve with time or get worse, you should let your doctor know. Your doctor may be able to suggest ways of preventing or reducing the symptoms. To make sure it is safe for you, before taking this medicine, let your doctor know if you have any medical conditions or disorders. You should also tell your doctor all the other medicines you're using or taking. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult their doctors before using this medicine.Uses of Nimulid Tablet DT
Pain relief Treatment of FeverIn Pain relief
Nimulid-MD Tablet is used to treat aches and pains. It blocks chemical messengers in the brain that tell us we have pain. It is effective in relieving pain caused by headache, migraine, nerve pain, toothache, sore throat, period (menstrual) pains, arthritis, and muscle aches. This medicine is very widely used and very rarely causes side effects if taken at the right dosage. Take it as it is prescribed to get the most benefit. Do not take more or longer than needed as that can be dangerous. In general, you should take the lowest dose that works, for the shortest possible time.In Treatment of Fever
Nimulid-MD Tablet is also used to reduce a high temperature (fever). It works by blocking the release of certain chemical messengers that cause fever. It may be prescribed alone or in combination with another medicine. You should take it regularly as advised by your doctor.Side effects of Nimulid Tablet DT
Most side effects do not require any medical attention and disappear as your body adjusts to the medicine. Consult your doctor if they persist or if you’re worried about them Common side effects of Nimulid Vomiting Nausea DiarrheaFact Box
Chemical Class Diphenylethers Derivative Habit Forming No Therapeutic Class PAIN ANALGESICS Action Class NSAID's-Non-Selective COX 1&2 Inhibitors (Others)Interaction with drugs
Taking Nimulid with any of the following medicines can modify the effect of either of them and cause some undesirable side effects Aceclofenac Brand(s): Acifon, Reclofen, Aceclocare Life-threatening Acenocoumarol Brand(s): Altrom, Cenorol, Cgtrom Life-threatening Aspirin Brand(s): M Spirin, Aspirin, Asalite Life-threatening Bromfenac Brand(s): Vbrom Life-threatening
Norpex TZ (for Diarrhea)
Norpex TZ 400mg/600mg/10mg Tablet Prescription Required Manufacturer Uni-Pex Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd SALT COMPOSITION Norfloxacin (400mg) + Tinidazole (600mg) + Beta-Cyclodextrin (10mg) Storage Store below 30°CTags: Medicine,Product introduction
Norpex TZ 400mg/600mg/10mg Tablet is a combination medicine that is used to treat diarrhea and dysentery. It prevents the growth of microorganisms to treat bacterial infections. Norpex TZ 400mg/600mg/10mg Tablet is a prescription medicine that is to be taken as per the prescription or as suggested by the doctor. It should be taken with or without food, but it must be taken at a fixed time to ensure better efficacy. Do not consume more than the recommended dose, as this may have harmful effects on your body. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. The treatment must be completed even if you feel better. Norpex TZ 400mg/600mg/10mg Tablet may lead to some side effects such as nausea, headaches, dryness of mouth, etc. To overcome any such side effects, it is advised to eat a healthy balanced diet and drink plenty of fluid. Maintaining good oral hygiene can prevent or manage the dryness of the mouth. If any of the side effects get aggravated, contact your doctor immediately. If you experience any allergic reaction (rashes, itching, swelling, shortness of breath, etc.), you must consult your doctor immediately. Before taking this medicine, you should tell your doctor if you have any problems with your liver or kidneys. Also, tell your doctor if you are on any medication for any health condition. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should also consult with the doctors before taking it. Avoid drinking alcohol as it can cause excessive dizziness with this medicine. It usually does not impair your ability to drive, but you should not drive if it makes you feel sleepy or dizzy. If you are a known allergic to the medicine, you must refrain from using this medicine and consult your doctor. It is advised to take proper rest during the course of treatment for the medicine to work effectively.Uses of Norpex TZ Tablet
DiarrheaBenefits of Norpex TZ Tablet
In Diarrhea Diarrhea is an increase in the frequency of bowel movements or loose watery bowel movements. It can most commonly occur due to an infection of the digestive tract. Norpex TZ 400mg/600mg/10mg Tablet helps to treat diarrhea that is caused due to bacteria or parasitic worm infections. This medicine can relieve frequent loose motions and also help you to stay well by preventing them from coming back. You need to take this medicine regularly to get the most out of it and you should drink plenty of fluids while taking it to make sure you stay hydrated.Side effects of Norpex TZ Tablet
Most side effects do not require any medical attention and disappear as your body adjusts to the medicine. Consult your doctor if they persist or if you’re worried about them Common side effects of Norpex TZ Nausea Dryness in mouth Vomiting Diarrhea Stomach pain Metallic taste HeadacheHow Norpex TZ Tablet works
Norpex TZ 400mg/600mg/10mg Tablet is a combination of three medicines: Norfloxacin, Tinidazole and Beta-Cyclodextrin. Norfloxacin is an antibiotic. It kills bacteria by preventing them from reproducing and repairing themselves. Tinidazole is also an antibiotic which kills other infectious microorganisms in addition to bacteria by damaging their DNA. Beta-Cyclodextrin enhances the effect of these medicines.Fact Box
Habit Forming No Therapeutic Class GASTRO INTESTINAL
Electral Powder (ORS based on WHO formula)
Tags: Medicine,Information about Electral Powder
It is used to restore body fluids and electrolytes lost due to dehydration. It can be used by people suffering from gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea and vomiting. It acts as an oral rehydration salt (ORS) formula that has been recommended for use by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is also indicated for the treatment of metabolic acidosis. It can be used to treat muscle cramping caused due to lack of water and electrolytes in the body. In some cases, people recovering from illnesses or those suffering from heatstroke are also recommended to use this powder. It can also be taken for dehydration caused due to exertion while exercising or due to excessive loss of water in hot and/or humid weather. In simple terms, ORS is nothing but a mixture of salts and sugar. In diarrhea, your body tends to lose water and electrolytes such as sodium, chloride, potassium, bicarbonate, etc. If the fluid and electrolyte balance in the body is not maintained by replacing the lost salts and water, dehydration occurs. To prevent dehydration, ORS is recommended. The salt and sugar mixture in ORS stimulates water and electrolyte absorption from the gut, thereby aiding in the replacement of the lost salts in case of diarrhea and vomiting. It is considered to be a safe and most effective treatment for diarrhea (both in kids and adults). It usually doesn't cause any side effects. However, if your condition worsens or if the symptoms still persist, it is best to consult your doctor.Key ingredients
Sodium chloride: 2.6 gm Potassium chloride: 1.5 gm Sodium citrate: 2.9 gm Dextrose anhydrous: 13.5 gmKey benefits/uses of Electral Powder
Contains sodium chloride which is essential to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body Helps restore the lost electrolytes and water caused due to dehydration Helps in the maintenance of water balance and distribution, acid-base balance, heart function, as well as muscle and nerve cell function Contains potassium which helps maintain kidney and adrenal function Boosts your energy level, thanks to the presence of dextrose anhydrous, the purest form of dextrose (commonly called glucose) Helps in the treatment of diarrhea and vomiting by maintaining water-electrolyte balance Works by neutralizing excess acid in the blood and urine, thus helping in the treatment of metabolic acidosis Improves recovery post an illness in adults as well as older people Is useful to fight and improve symptoms of heatstroke which is quite common during summer Helps improve fluid levels after excessive loss of water caused post exercisingDirections for use
Dissolve the contents of the packet in the amount of drinking water indicated on the packet (which is usually advised to be dissolved in a liter of water). If drinking water is not available or if you are not sure whether the water is drinkable, boil the water for at least 10 minutes and then let it cool. Add the contents. Stir to mix all the ingredients properly and then you can drink it.Quick tips for Electral Powder
Adults can drink the solution directly from a glass, but for kids, use a spoon or a cup to feed. It is advised to not use a bottle to feed a kid. Do not mix the contents in milk, soup, fruit juices, etc. Always use water. Also, avoid adding extra sugar or salt to the solution. Always make a fresh drink every time and throw away the solution (if there is any unfinished drink). Keeping the drink uncovered or using the drink for more than 24 hours can up the risk of bacterial infections. Go through the ingredients before using it. If you are allergic to it or any of the components, it is advisable to not use it. Be careful to use the right amount of water. If you use too little water, the drink could make diarrhea worse. Do not use tap water as it carries a high risk of contamination which in turn can worsen the condition. Talk to your doctor if you suffer from any health problems such as kidney disease, diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, or severe and uncontrollable diarrhea/vomiting.Side effects of Electral Powder
It usually doesn’t cause any side effects when taken as advised by your doctor. However, if you experience any symptoms or if your condition fails to improve, it is best to consult your doctor. Remember to take it as advised by your doctor to reap its benefits.Storage and safety information
Read the label carefully before use. Keep out of reach of the children. Store in a cool dry place. Use under medical supervision.
Betamethasone (Salt Information)
Betamethasone Betamethasone is a steroid medication. It is used for a number of diseases including rheumatic disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, skin diseases such as dermatitis and psoriasis, allergic conditions such as asthma and angioedema, preterm labor to speed the development of the baby's lungs, Crohn's disease, cancers such as leukemia, and along with fludrocortisone for adrenocortical insufficiency, among others. It can be taken by mouth, injected into a muscle, or applied to the skin topically in cream, lotion, or liquid forms. Serious side effects include an increased risk of infection, muscle weakness, severe allergic reactions, and psychosis. Long-term use may cause adrenal insufficiency. Stopping the medication suddenly following long-term use may be dangerous. The cream commonly results in increased hair growth and skin irritation. Betamethasone belongs to the glucocorticoid class of medication. It is a stereoisomer of dexamethasone, the two compounds differing only in the spatial configuration of the methyl group at position 16 (see steroid nomenclature). Betamethasone was patented in 1958, and approved for medical use in the United States in 1961. The cream and ointment are on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. In the United States, the pills and injectable solutions are more expensive than the cream.Tags: Medicine,Forms
Betamethasone is available in a number of compound forms: - betamethasone dipropionate (branded as Diprosone, Diprolene, Celestamine, Procort (in Pakistan), and others), - betamethasone sodium phosphate (branded as Bentelan in Italy) and - betamethasone valerate (branded as Audavate, Betnovate, Celestone, Fucibet, and others). - In the United States and Canada, betamethasone is mixed with clotrimazole and sold as Lotrisone and Lotriderm. - It is also available in combination with salicylic acid (branded as Diprosalic) for using in psoriatic skin conditions. - In some countries, it is also sold mixed with both clotrimazole and gentamicin to add an antibacterial agent to the mix. - Betamethasone sodium phosphate mixed with betamethasone acetate is available in the United States as Celestone Soluspan.
Povidone-Iodine Ointment USP 5% w-by-w
Povidone-iodine (PVP-I), also known as iodopovidone, is an antiseptic used for skin disinfection before and after surgery. It may be used both to disinfect the hands of healthcare providers and the skin of the person they are caring for. It may also be used for minor wounds. It may be applied to the skin as a liquid or a powder. Side effects include skin irritation and sometimes swelling. If used on large wounds, kidney problems, high blood sodium, and metabolic acidosis may occur. It is not recommended in women who are less than 32 weeks pregnant. Frequent use is not recommended in people with thyroid problems or are taking lithium. Povidone-iodine is a chemical complex of povidone, hydrogen iodide, and elemental iodine. It contains 10% Povidone, with total iodine species equaling 10,000 ppm or 1% total titratable iodine. It works by releasing iodine which results in the death of a range of microorganisms. Povidone-iodine came into commercial use in 1955. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Povidone-iodine is available over the counter. It is sold under a number of brand names including Betadine.Tags: Medicine,
Nanoderm 5 (Topical Cream)
Nanoderm 5C Cream Price: 80.00 INR BRAND: Austro labs PER PACK: 15gm CONTENT: 1. Iodochlorhydroxyquin 2. Clotrimazole 3. Tolnaftate 4. Gentamicin 5. Clobetasol PropionateTags: Medicine,1: Iodochlorhydroxyquin
Clioquinol (iodochlorhydroxyquin) is an antifungal drug and antiprotozoal drug. It is neurotoxic in large doses. It is a member of a family of drugs called hydroxyquinolines which inhibit certain enzymes related to DNA replication. The drugs have been found to have activity against both viral and protozoal infections. A 1964 report described the use of clioquinol in both the treatment and prevention of shigella infection and Entamoeba histolytica infection in institutionalized individuals at Sonoma State Hospital in California. The report indicates 4000 individuals were treated over a 4-year period with few side effects. Several recently reported journal articles describing its use as an antiprotozoal include: # A 2005 reference to its use in treating a Dutch family for Entamoeba histolytica infection. # A 2004 reference to its use in the Netherlands in the treatment of Dientamoeba fragilis infection. # A 1979 reference to the use in Zaire in the treatment of Entamoeba histolytica infection.Use in neurodegenerative diseases
Research at UCSF indicates that clioquinol appears to block the genetic action of Huntington's disease in mice and in cell culture. Recent animal studies have shown that clioquinol can reverse the progression of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. According to Siegfried Hekimi and colleagues at McGill's Department of Biology, clioquinol acts directly on a protein called Clk-1, often informally called “clock-1,” and might slow down the aging process. They theorize that this may explain the apparent ability of the drug to be effective in the above conditions, but warn against individuals experimenting with this drug. In addition, a study performed in Drosophila demonstrates that clioquinol can slow the pathogenesis of tauopathy model by removing the excessive zinc in the cell.2: Clotrimazole
Clotrimazole, sold under the brand name Lotrimin, among others, is an antifungal medication. It is used to treat vaginal yeast infections, oral thrush, diaper rash, tinea versicolor, and types of ringworm including athlete's foot and jock itch. It can be taken by mouth or applied as a cream to the skin or in the vagina. Common side effects when taken by mouth include nausea and itchiness. When applied to the skin, common side effects include redness and a burning sensation. In pregnancy, use on the skin or in the vagina is believed to be safe. There is no evidence of harm when used by mouth during pregnancy but this has been less well studied. When used by mouth, greater care should be taken in those with liver problems. It is in the azole class of medications and works by disrupting the fungal cell membrane. Clotrimazole was discovered in 1969. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication.Pharmacodynamics
Clotrimazole is an imidazole derivative which works by inhibiting the growth of individual Candida or fungal cells by altering the permeability of the fungal cell wall. It binds to phospholipids in the cell membrane and inhibits the biosynthesis of ergosterol and other sterols required for cell membrane production. Clotrimazole may slow fungal growth or result in fungal cell death.3: Tolnaftate
Tolnaftate (INN) is a synthetic thiocarbamate used as an anti-fungal agent that may be sold without medical prescription in most jurisdictions. It is supplied as a cream, powder, spray, liquid, and liquid aerosol. Tolnaftate is used to treat fungal conditions such as jock itch, athlete's foot and ringworm.Mechanism
Although the exact mechanism of action is not entirely known, it is believed to inhibit squalene epoxidase, an important enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of ergosterol (a key component of the fungal cell membrane) in a similar way to terbinafine.4: Gentamicin
Gentamicin is an antibiotic used to treat several types of bacterial infections. This may include bone infections, endocarditis, pelvic inflammatory disease, meningitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and sepsis among others. It is not effective for gonorrhea or chlamydia infections. It can be given intravenously, by injection into a muscle, or topically. Topical formulations may be used in burns or for infections of the outside of the eye. It is often only used for two days until bacterial cultures determine what specific antibiotics the infection is sensitive to. The dose required should be monitored by blood testing. Gentamicin can cause inner ear problems and kidney problems. The inner ear problems can include problems with balance and hearing loss. These problems may be permanent. If used during pregnancy, it can cause harm to the developing baby. However, it appears to be safe for use during breastfeeding. Gentamicin is a type of aminoglycoside. It works by disrupting the ability of the bacteria to make proteins, which typically kills the bacteria. Gentamicin is naturally produced by the bacterium Micromonospora purpurea, was patented in 1962, approved for medical use in 1964. The antibiotic is collected from the culture of the Micromonospora by perforating the cell wall of the bacterium. Current research is underway to understand the biosynthesis of this antibiotic in an attempt to increase expression and force secretion of gentamicin for higher titer. Gentamicin is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. The World Health Organization classifies gentamicin as critically important for human medicine. It is available as a generic medication.5: Clobetasol Propionate
Clobetasol propionate is a corticosteroid used to treat skin conditions such as eczema, contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and psoriasis. It is applied to the skin as a cream, ointment, or shampoo. Use should be short term and only if other weaker corticosteroids are not effective. Use is not recommended in rosacea or perioral dermatitis. Common side effects include skin irritation, dry skin, redness, pimples, and telangiectasia. Serious side effects may include adrenal suppression, allergic reactions, cellulitis, and Cushing's syndrome. Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is of unclear safety. Clobetasol is believed to work by activating steroid receptors. It is a US Class I (Europe: class IV) corticosteroid, making it one of the strongest available. Clobetasol propionate was patented in 1968 and came into medical use in 1978. It is available as a generic medication. In 2019, it was the 180th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3 million prescriptions.
Vectors Introduction Quiz (Jun 2022)
Ques 1: Ques 2: Ans 2: Ques 3: Ques 4: Ques 5: Ans 5: Results:Tags: Mathematical Foundations for Data Science,
Thursday, June 2, 2022
Creating a Taxonomy for BBC News Articles (Part 2)
Tags: Technology,Natural Language Processing,Machine Learning,Python,Note
In this part, we cheat a little bit, look at the data set for number of categories that have been already defined for the news articles and then we apply SentenceTransformer to encode and AgglomerativeClustering to identify hierarchical groups for these articles. import pandas as pd import numpy as np from sklearn.metrics.pairwise import cosine_similarity from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer from collections import Counter import warnings warnings.filterwarnings('ignore') from matplotlib import pyplot as plt from scipy.cluster.hierarchy import dendrogram from sklearn.cluster import AgglomerativeClustering df1 = pd.read_csv('bbc_news_train.csv') df1.columns Index(['ArticleId', 'Text', 'Category'], dtype='object')Peeking into the data set
Counter(df1['Category']) Counter({'business': 336, 'tech': 261, 'politics': 274, 'sport': 346, 'entertainment': 273}) model = SentenceTransformer('distilbert-base-nli-mean-tokens') %%time sentences = df1['Text'].values.tolist() sentences_df = pd.DataFrame({"sentences": sentences}) tokenized = sentences_df['sentences'].apply(lambda x: model.encode([x])[0]) CPU times: total: 10min 56s Wall time: 5min 29s tokenized_list = tokenized.values.tolist() cols = ["feature_" + str(i) for i in range(768)] tokenized_df = pd.DataFrame(columns = cols, data = tokenized_list) X = tokenized_df # setting distance_threshold=0 ensures we compute the full tree. # model = AgglomerativeClustering(distance_threshold=0, n_clusters=None) # Setting number of clusters to 5 as per the categories present in the training data set. # model = AgglomerativeClustering(distance_threshold=0, n_clusters=5) # ValueError: Exactly one of n_clusters and distance_threshold has to be set, and the other needs to be None. # By default, parameter "compute_distances" is False and in such case, we would not be able to produce Dendrogram so we set this parameter to True. model = AgglomerativeClustering(distance_threshold=None, n_clusters=5, compute_distances=True) pred = model.fit_predict(X) print(pred) print(len(pred)) print(len(Counter(pred).keys())) [0 1 3 ... 1 3 3] 1490 5 def plot_dendrogram(model, **kwargs): # Create linkage matrix and then plot the dendrogram # create the counts of samples under each node counts = np.zeros(model.children_.shape[0]) n_samples = len(model.labels_) for i, merge in enumerate(model.children_): current_count = 0 for child_idx in merge: if child_idx < n_samples: current_count += 1 # leaf node else: current_count += counts[child_idx - n_samples] counts[i] = current_count linkage_matrix = np.column_stack( [model.children_, model.distances_, counts] ).astype(float) # Plot the corresponding dendrogram dendrogram(linkage_matrix, **kwargs) return linkage_matrix df1['pred'] = pred df1.to_csv('output_' + str(round(time())) + ".csv", index = False) plt.title("Hierarchical Clustering Dendrogram") # plot the top three levels of the dendrogram linkage_matrix = plot_dendrogram(model, truncate_mode="level", p=3) plt.xlabel("Number of points in node (or index of point if no parenthesis).") plt.show()Analyzing the output in Excel
Table View
Now in Pivot Table
Creating a Taxonomy for BBC News Articles (Part 1 (20220602))
Tags: Technology,Natural Language Processing,Machine Learning,Python,Creating the Conda environment and the ipykernel.
Refer this link: Creating environment and kernel for sentence_transformersCode
import pandas as pd import numpy as np from sklearn.metrics.pairwise import cosine_similarity from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer import warnings warnings.filterwarnings('ignore') df1 = pd.read_csv('bbc_news_train.csv') Note: You can download the BBC News data set from this GitHub repository: bbc_news df1.columns Index(['ArticleId', 'Text', 'Category'], dtype='object') SentenceTransformer._version 1 model = SentenceTransformer('distilbert-base-nli-mean-tokens') %%time sentences = df1['Text'].values.tolist() sentences_df = pd.DataFrame({"sentences": sentences}) tokenized = sentences_df['sentences'].apply(lambda x: model.encode([x])[0]) CPU times: total: 11min 6s Wall time: 5min 35s tokenized_list = tokenized.values.tolist() cols = ["feature_" + str(i) for i in range(768)] Note: DistilBERT based SentenceTransformer produces 768 features. tokenized_df = pd.DataFrame(columns = cols, data = tokenized_list) import numpy as np from matplotlib import pyplot as plt from scipy.cluster.hierarchy import dendrogram from sklearn.datasets import load_iris from sklearn.cluster import AgglomerativeClustering def plot_dendrogram(model, **kwargs): # Create linkage matrix and then plot the dendrogram # create the counts of samples under each node counts = np.zeros(model.children_.shape[0]) n_samples = len(model.labels_) for i, merge in enumerate(model.children_): current_count = 0 for child_idx in merge: if child_idx < n_samples: current_count += 1 # leaf node else: current_count += counts[child_idx - n_samples] counts[i] = current_count linkage_matrix = np.column_stack( [model.children_, model.distances_, counts] ).astype(float) # Plot the corresponding dendrogram dendrogram(linkage_matrix, **kwargs) X = tokenized_df # setting distance_threshold=0 ensures we compute the full tree. model = AgglomerativeClustering(distance_threshold=0, n_clusters=None) model = model.fit(X) plt.title("Hierarchical Clustering Dendrogram") # plot the top three levels of the dendrogram plot_dendrogram(model, truncate_mode="level", p=3) plt.xlabel("Number of points in node (or index of point if no parenthesis).") plt.show()
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